RIP1K inhibitors

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are kinase inhibitory compounds, such as a receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) kinase inhibitor compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising such inhibitory compounds. The disclosed compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and/or combinations may be used to treat or prevent a kinase-associated disease or condition, particularly a RIP1-associated disease or condition.

The present disclosure concerns compounds and methods of making andusing the compounds, such as for inhibiting receptor-interactingprotein-1 kinase (“RIP1”), and for treating diseases and/or conditionsrelated to RIP1.

Receptor-interacting protein-1 kinase (referred to herein as “RIP1”)belongs to the tyrosine kinase-like family and is a serine/threonineprotein kinase involved in innate immune signaling. RIP1 plays a centralrole in regulating cell signaling and its role in programmed cell deathhas been linked to various inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatorybowel disease, psoriasis, and other diseases and/or conditionsassociated with inflammation and/or necroptotic cell death.

Disclosed herein are compounds according to the formula

wherein

X is selected from CH₂, O, S, S(O), S(O)₂ and NR^(a);

R^(a) is for each occurrence selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl andC₁₋₆acyl;

Y¹, Y² and Y³ are independently selected from the group consisting of N,N(R^(a)), O, C(R^(b))₁₋₂ and C═O;

R^(b) is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl and halo;

Z is C(R^(c)) or NR^(c);

R^(c) is a C₁₋₄ unsaturated carbon chain optionally substituted with oneor more R¹ groups, optionally interrupted by 1 or 2 heteroatoms selectedfrom O, N and S;

R^(z) is N, CH or C(R¹) and together with ZR^(c) and the carbon to whichthey are bound form a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or 6-membered aryl ringoptionally substituted with m R¹ groups;

R¹ is a halogen, a linker-R⁶ group, wherein the linker is a bond,(C1-C4) alkanyl, (C1-C4) alkenyl or (C1-C4) alkynyl, optionallysubstituted by one or more R^(b) and R⁶ is R^(e), —C(R^(f))₃, or—C(R^(f))═C(R^(f))₂;

R² is R^(a);

ring B is 5-10-membered heteroaryl;

R³ is, for each occurrence, independently selected from R^(b) andOR^(a);

L is O, NR^(a) or alkylene;

W is 5-10 membered aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted by p R⁴;

R⁴ is for each occurrence selected from R^(b) and OR^(a);

R^(d) is for each occurrence independently selected from hydrogen,C₁₋₆alkyl, aralkyl, C₅₋₁₀ aryl or heteroaryl, or two R^(d) together witha nitrogen to which they are both attached form a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclicgroup optionally substituted by one or more R^(e);

R^(e) is independently for each occurrence halo, —OR^(d), —SR^(d),—S(O)₂R^(d), —NR^(d)R^(d), —Si(R^(a))₃, —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR^(a), or—C(O)NR^(d)R^(d);

-   -   R^(f) is independently for each occurrence R^(a), R^(b), or        R^(e), or two R^(f) groups together with the carbon atom bound        thereto provide a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl group or a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic        group each optionally substituted with one or more R^(e);    -   m is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   n is 0, 1 or 2; and    -   p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

In addition, methods and intermediates for making the compounds aredisclosed along with pharmaceutical formulations and methods for usingthe compounds and formulations. The foregoing and other objects,features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent fromthe following detailed description.

I. Overview of Terms

The following explanations of terms and methods are provided to betterdescribe the present disclosure and to guide those of ordinary skill inthe art in the practice of the present disclosure. The singular forms“a,” “an,” and “the” refer to one or more than one, unless the contextclearly dictates otherwise. The term “or” refers to a single element ofstated alternative elements or a combination of two or more elements,unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein,“comprises” means “includes.” Thus, “comprising A or B,” means“including A, B, or A and B,” without excluding additional elements. Allreferences, including patents and patent applications cited herein, areincorporated by reference.

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities ofcomponents, molecular weights, percentages, temperatures, times, and soforth, as used in the specification or claims are to be understood asbeing modified by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless otherwiseindicated, implicitly or explicitly, the numerical parameters set forthare approximations that may depend on the desired properties soughtand/or limits of detection under standard test conditions/methods. Whendirectly and explicitly distinguishing embodiments from discussed priorart, the embodiment numbers are not approximates unless the word “about”is expressly recited.

Unless explained otherwise, all technical and scientific terms usedherein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinaryskill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Although methods andmaterials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used inthe practice or testing of the present disclosure, suitable methods andmaterials are described below. The materials, methods, and examples areillustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

As used herein, the term “substituted” refers to all subsequentmodifiers in a term, for example in the term “substitutedarylC₁₋₈alkyl,” substitution may occur on the “C₁₋₈alkyl” portion, the“aryl” portion or both portions of the arylC₁₋₈alkyl group.

“Substituted,” when used to modify a specified group or moiety, meansthat at least one, and perhaps two or more, hydrogen atoms of thespecified group or moiety is independently replaced with the same ordifferent substituent groups as defined below. In a particularembodiment, a group, moiety or substituent may be substituted orunsubstituted, unless expressly defined as either “unsubstituted” or“substituted.” Accordingly, any of the groups specified herein may beunsubstituted or substituted unless the context indicates otherwise or aparticular structural formula precludes substitution. In particularembodiments, a substituent may or may not be expressly defined assubstituted, but is still contemplated to be optionally substituted. Forexample, an “aliphatic” or a “cyclic” moiety may be unsubstituted orsubstituted, but an “unsubstituted aliphatic” or an “unsubstitutedcyclic” is not substituted.

“Substituents” or “substituent groups” for substituting for one or morehydrogen atoms on saturated carbon atoms in the specified group ormoiety. As used herein, the term “substituted” refers to all subsequentmodifiers in a term, for example in the term “substitutedarylC₁₋₈alkyl,” substitution may occur on the “C₁₋₈alkyl” portion, the“aryl” portion or both portions of the arylC₁₋₈alkyl group.

“Substituted,” when used to modify a specified group or moiety, meansthat at least one, and perhaps two or more, hydrogen atoms of thespecified group or moiety is independently replaced with the same ordifferent substituent groups as defined below. In a particularembodiment, a group, moiety or substituent may be substituted orunsubstituted, unless expressly defined as either “unsubstituted” or“substituted.” Accordingly, any of the groups specified herein may beunsubstituted or substituted unless the context indicates otherwise or aparticular structural formula precludes substitution. In particularembodiments, a substituent may or may not be expressly defined assubstituted, but is still contemplated to be optionally substituted. Forexample, an “aliphatic” or a “cyclic” moiety may be unsubstituted orsubstituted, but an “unsubstituted aliphatic” or an “unsubstitutedcyclic” is not substituted.

“Substituents” or “substituent groups” for substituting for one or morehydrogen atoms on saturated carbon atoms in the specified group ormoiety described herein can be, unless otherwise specified, —R⁶⁰, halo,═O, —OR⁷⁰, —SR⁷⁰, —N(R⁸⁰)₂, haloalkyl, perhaloalkyl, —CN, —NO₂,

═N₂, —N₃, —SO₂R⁷⁰, —SO₃ ⁻M⁺, —SO₃R⁷⁰, —OSO₂R⁷⁰, —OSO₃ ⁻M⁺, —OSO₃R⁷⁰,—P(O)(O⁻)₂(M⁺)₂,

—P(O)(O⁻)₂M²⁺, —P(O)(OR⁷⁰)O⁻

M⁺, —P(O)(OR⁷⁰)₂, —C(O)R⁷⁰, —C(S)R⁷⁰, —C(NR⁷⁰)R⁷⁰, —CO₂ ⁻

M⁺, —CO₂R⁷⁰, —C(S)OR⁷⁰, —C(O)N(R⁸⁰)₂, —C(NR⁷⁰)(R⁸⁰)₂, —OC(O)R⁷⁰,—OC(S)R⁷⁰, —OCO₂ ⁻

M⁺, —OCO₂R⁷⁰, —OC(S)OR⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(O)R⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(S)R⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰CO₂ ⁻

M⁺, —NR⁷⁰CO₂R⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(S)OR⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(O)N(R⁸⁰)₂, —NR⁷⁰C(NR⁷⁰)R⁷⁰

and —NR⁷⁰C(NR⁷⁰)N(R⁸⁰)₂, where R⁶⁰ is C₁₋₁₀aliphatic, heteroaliphatic,or cycloaliphatic, typically, C₁₋₆aliphatic, more typically C₁₋₆alkyl,where R⁶⁰ optionally may be substituted; each R⁷⁰ is independently foreach occurrence hydrogen or R⁶⁰; each R⁸⁰ is independently for eachoccurrence R⁷⁰ or alternatively, two R⁸⁰ groups, taken together with thenitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a 3- to 7-memberedheterocycloaliphatic, which optionally includes from 1 to 4 of the sameor different additional heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, of which Noptionally has R⁷⁰ substitution, such as H or C₁-C₃alkyl substitution;and each M⁺ is a counter ion with a net single positive charge. Each M⁺is independently for each occurrence, for example, an alkali metal ion,such as K⁺, Na⁺, Li⁺; an ammonium ion, such as ⁺N(R⁶⁰)₄; a protonatedamino acid ion, such as a lysine ion, or an arginine ion; or an alkalinemetal earth ion, such as [Ca²⁺]_(0.5), [Mg²⁺]_(0.5), or [Ba²⁺]_(0.5) (asubscript “0.5” means, for example, that one of the counter ions forsuch divalent alkali earth ions can be an ionized form of a compound ofthe disclosure and the other a typical counter ion such as chloride, ortwo ionized compounds can serve as counter ions for such divalent alkaliearth ions, or a doubly ionized compound can serve as the counter ionfor such divalent alkali earth ions). As specific examples, —N(R⁸⁰)₂includes —NH₂, —NH-alkyl, —NH-pyrrolidin-3-yl, A-pyrrolidinyl,A-piperazinyl, 4N-methyl-piperazin-1-yl, A-morpholinyl and the like. Anytwo hydrogen atoms on a single carbon also can be replaced with, forexample, ═O, ═NR⁷⁰, ═N—OR⁷⁰, ═N₂ or ═S.

Substituent groups for replacing hydrogen atoms on unsaturated carbonatoms in groups containing unsaturated carbons are, unless otherwisespecified, —R⁶⁰, halo, —O⁻M⁺, —OR⁷⁰, —SR⁷⁰, —S⁻M⁺, —N(R⁸⁰)₂,

perhaloalkyl, —CN, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO₂, —N₃, —SO₂R⁷⁰, —SO₃ ⁻

M⁺, —SO₃R⁷⁰, —OSO₂R⁷⁰, —OSO₃ ⁻M⁺, —OSO₃R⁷⁰, —PO₃ ⁻²(M⁺)₂, —PO₃ ⁻²M²⁺,—P(O)(OR⁷⁰)O⁻M⁺, —P(O)(OR⁷⁰)₂, —C(O)R⁷⁰, —C(S)R⁷⁰, —C(NR⁷⁰)R⁷⁰, —CO₂⁻M⁺, —CO₂R⁷⁰, —C(S)OR⁷⁰, —C(O)NR⁸⁰R⁸⁰, —C(NR⁷⁰)N(R⁸⁰)₂, —OC(O)R⁷⁰,—OC(S)R⁷⁰, —OCO₂ ⁻M⁺, —OCO₂R⁷⁰, —OC(S)OR⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(O)R⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(S)R⁷⁰,—NR⁷⁰CO₂ ⁻M⁺, —NR⁷⁰CO₂R⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(S)OR⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(O)N(R⁸⁰)₂,—NR⁷⁰C(NR⁷⁰)R⁷⁰ and —NR⁷⁰C(NR⁷⁰)N(R⁸⁰)₂, where R⁶⁰, R⁷⁰, R⁸⁰ and M⁺areas previously defined. In an independent embodiment, the substituentsare not —O⁻M⁺, —OR⁷⁰, —SR⁷⁰, or —S⁻M⁺.

Substituent groups for replacing hydrogen atoms on nitrogen atoms ingroups containing such nitrogen atoms are, unless otherwise specified,—R⁶⁰, —O⁻M⁺, —OR⁷⁰, —SR⁷⁰, —S⁻M⁺, —N(R⁸⁰)₂, perhaloalkyl, —CN, —NO,—NO₂, —S(O)₂R⁷⁰, —SO₃ ⁻M⁺, —SO₃R⁷⁰, —OS(O)₂R⁷⁰, —OSO₃ ⁻M⁺, —OSO₃R⁷⁰,—PO₃ ²⁻(M⁺)₂, —PO₃ ²⁻M²⁺, —P(O)(OR⁷⁰)O⁻M⁺, —P(O)(OR⁷⁰)(OR⁷⁰), —C(O)R⁷⁰,—C(S)R⁷⁰, —C(NR⁷⁰)R⁷⁰, —CO₂R⁷⁰, —C(S)OR⁷⁰, —C(O)NR⁸⁰R⁸⁰,—C(NR⁷⁰)NR⁸⁰R⁸⁰, —OC(O)R⁷⁰, —OC(S)R⁷⁰, —OCO₂R⁷⁰, —OC(S)OR⁷⁰,—NR⁷⁰C(O)R⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(S)R⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰CO₂R⁷⁰, —NR⁷⁰C(S)OR⁷⁰,—NR⁷⁰C(O)N(R⁸⁰)₂, —NR⁷⁰C(NR⁷⁰)R⁷⁰ and —NR⁷⁰C(NR⁷⁰)N(R⁸⁰)₂, where R⁶⁰,R⁷⁰, R⁸⁰ and M⁺ are as previously defined.

In one embodiment, a group that is substituted has at least onesubstituent selected from those described above up to the number ofsubstituents possible for a particular moiety, such as from one to fivesubstituents, one substituent, two substituents, three substituents,four substituents or five substituents.

Additionally, in embodiments where a group or moiety is substituted witha substituted substituent, the nesting of such substituted substituentsis limited to three, thereby preventing the formation of polymers. Thus,in a group or moiety comprising a first group that is a substituent on asecond group that is itself a substituent on a third group, which isattached to the parent structure, the first (outermost) group can onlybe substituted with unsubstituted substituents. For example, in a groupcomprising -(aryl-1)-(aryl-2)-(aryl-3), aryl-3 can only be substitutedwith substituents that are not themselves substituted.

Any group or moiety defined herein can be connected to any other portionof a disclosed structure, such as a parent or core structure, as wouldbe understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, such as byconsidering valence rules, comparison to exemplary species, and/orconsidering functionality, unless the connectivity of the group ormoiety to the other portion of the structure is expressly stated, or isimplied by context.

“Aliphatic” refers to a substantially hydrocarbon-based group or moiety.An aliphatic group or moiety can be acyclic, including alkyl, alkenyl,or alkynyl groups (as well as alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylenegroups), cyclic versions thereof, such as cycloaliphatic groups ormoieties including cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl, and furtherincluding straight- and branched-chain arrangements, and all stereo andposition isomers as well. Unless expressly stated otherwise, analiphatic group contains from one to twenty-five carbon atoms (C₁₋₂₅);for example, from one to fifteen (C₁₋₁₅), from one to ten (C₁₋₁₀) fromone to six (C₁₋₆), or from one to four carbon atoms (C₁₋₄) for anacyclic aliphatic group or moiety, or from three to fifteen (C₃₋₁₅) fromthree to ten (C₃₋₁₀), from three to six (C₃₋₆), or from three to four(C₃₋₄) carbon atoms for a cycloaliphatic group or moiety. An aliphaticgroup may be substituted or unsubstituted, unless expressly referred toas an “unsubstituted aliphatic” or a “substituted aliphatic.” Analiphatic group can be substituted with one or more substituents (up totwo substituents for each methylene carbon in an aliphatic chain, or upto one substituent for each carbon of a —C═C— double bond in analiphatic chain, or up to one substituent for a carbon of a terminalmethine group).

“Lower aliphatic” refers to an aliphatic group containing from one toten carbon atoms (C₁₋₁₀), such as from one to six (C₁₋₆), or from one tofour (C₁₋₄) carbon atoms; or from three to ten (C₃₋₁₀), such as fromthree to six (C₃₋₆) carbon atoms for a lower cycloaliphatic group.

“Alkoxy” refers to the group —OR, where R is a substituted orunsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group.In certain examples R is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl group.Methoxy (—OCH₃) and ethoxy (—OCH₂CH₃) are exemplary alkoxy groups. In asubstituted alkoxy, R is substituted alkyl or substituted cycloalkyl,examples of which in the presently disclosed compounds includehaloalkoxy groups, such as —OCF₂H.

“Alkoxyalkyl” refers to the group -alkyl-OR, where R is a substituted orunsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group;—CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₃ is an exemplary alkoxyalkyl group.

“Alkyl” refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl group having from 1to at least (C₁₋₂₅) carbon atoms, more typically 1 to 10 (C₁₋₁₀) carbonatoms such as 1 to 6 (C₁₋₆) carbon atoms. An alkyl moiety may besubstituted or unsubstituted. This term includes, by way of example,linear and branched hydrocarbyl groups such as methyl (CH₃), ethyl(—CH₂CH₃), n-propyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₃), isopropyl (—CH(CH₃)₂), n-butyl(—CH₂—CH₂CH₂CH₃), isobutyl (—CH₂CH₂(CH₃)₂), sec-butyl (—CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃),t-butyl (—C(CH₃)₃), n-pentyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), and neopentyl(—CH₂C(CH₃)₃).

“Alkylene” refers to a divalent alkyl group or alkyl chain. As with thealkyl groups described above, such alkylene groups optionally aresubstituted with one or more substituents as described above. By way ofexample, such alkylene groups include, without limitation —CH₂, —CH(Me),—C(Me)₂, —CF₂—, —CH(F), —CH₂CH₂— and the like. As disclosed herein, suchalkylene moieties are useful as linking groups.

Similarly, the terms “Alkenylene” and “Alkynylene” refer to divalentaliphatic chains containing at least one alkene or at least one alkyne,respectively. Such alkenylene and alkynylene groups may be substitutedwith one or more substituent described above.

“Amino” refers to the group —NF₂, —NHR, or —NRR, where each Rindependently is selected from H, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic,including both aryl and heteroaryl, or heterocycloaliphatic, or two Rgroups together with the nitrogen attached thereto form a heterocyclicring. Examples of such heterocyclic rings include those wherein two Rgroups together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a—(CH₂)₂₋₅— ring optionally interrupted by one or two heteroatom groups,such as —O— or —N(R^(g)) such as in the groups

wherein R^(g) is R⁷⁰, —C(O)R⁷⁰, —C(O)OR⁶⁰ or —C(O)N(R⁸⁰)₂.

“Amide” refers to the group —N(R)acyl, wherein R is hydrogen,heteroaliphatic, or aliphatic, such as alkyl, particularly C₁₋₆alkyl.

“Aromatic” refers to a cyclic, conjugated group or moiety of, unlessspecified otherwise, from 5 to 15 ring atoms having a single ring (e.g.,phenyl, pyridinyl, or pyrazolyl) or multiple condensed rings in which atleast one ring is aromatic (e.g., naphthyl, indolyl, orpyrazolopyridinyl), that is at least one ring, and optionally multiplecondensed rings, have a continuous, delocalized π-electron system.Typically, the number of out of plane π-electrons corresponds to theHückel rule (4n+2). The point of attachment to the parent structuretypically is through an aromatic portion of the condensed ring system.For example,

However, in certain examples, context or express disclosure may indicatethat the point of attachment is through a non-aromatic portion of thecondensed ring system. For example,

An aromatic group or moiety may comprise only carbon atoms in the ring,such as in an aryl group or moiety, or it may comprise one or more ringcarbon atoms and one or more ring heteroatoms comprising a lone pair ofelectrons (e.g. S, O, N, P, or Si), such as in a heteroaryl group ormoiety. Unless otherwise stated, an aromatic group may be substituted orunsubstituted.

“Aryl” refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group of, unless specifiedotherwise, from 6 to 15 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., phenyl)or multiple condensed rings in which at least one ring is aromatic(e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, benzodioxole, and the like). If anyaromatic ring portion contains a heteroatom, the group is heteroaryl andnot aryl. Aryl groups may be, for example, monocyclic, bicyclic,tricyclic or tetracyclic. Unless otherwise stated, an aryl group may besubstituted or unsubstituted.

“Araliphatic” refers to an aryl group attached to the parent via analiphatic moiety. Araliphatic includes aralkyl or arylalkyl groups suchas benzyl and phenylethyl.

“Carboxyl” refers to —CO₂H.

“Carboxamide” refers to —C(O)amino.

“Carboxyl ester” or “carboxy ester” refers to the group —C(O)OR, where Ris aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, or aromatic (including both aryl andheteroaryl).

“Carboxylate” refers to —C(O)O′ or salts thereof.

“Cyano” refers to the group —CN.

“Cycloaliphatic” refers to a cyclic aliphatic group having a single ring(e.g., cyclohexyl), or multiple rings, such as in a fused, bridged orspirocyclic system, the ring or at least one of the rings in the systemis aliphatic. Typically, the point of attachment to the parent structureis through an aliphatic portion of the multiple ring system.Cycloaliphatic includes saturated and unsaturated systems, includingcycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkynyl. A cycloaliphatic group maycontain from three to twenty-five carbon atoms; for example, from threeto fifteen, from three to ten, or from three to six carbon atoms. Unlessotherwise stated, a cycloaliphatic group may be substituted orunsubstituted. Exemplary cycloaliphatic groups include, but are notlimited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, or cyclohexenyl.

“Halo,” “halide” or “halogen” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.

“Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl moiety substituted with one or morehalogens. Exemplary haloalkyl moieties include —CH₂F, —CHF₂ and —CF₃.

“Heteroaliphatic” refers to an aliphatic compound or group having atleast one heteroatom and at least one carbon atom, i.e., at least onecarbon atom from an aliphatic compound or group comprising at least twocarbon atoms, has been replaced with an atom having at least one lonepair of electrons, typically nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, silicon, orsulfur. Heteroaliphatic compounds or groups may be substituted orunsubstituted, branched or unbranched, chiral or achiral, and/or acyclicor cyclic, such as a heterocycloaliphatic group.

“Heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic group or moiety having, unlessspecified otherwise, from 5 to 15 ring atoms comprising at least onecarbon atom and at least one heteroatom, such as N, S, O, P, or Si. Aheteroaryl group or moiety may comprise a single ring (e.g., pyridinyl,pyrimidinyl or pyrazolyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., indolyl,benzopyrazolyl, or pyrazolopyridinyl). Heteroaryl groups or moiety maybe, for example, monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic. Unlessotherwise stated, a heteroaryl group or moiety may be substituted orunsubstituted.

“Heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclo” and “heterocycle” refer to both aromaticand non-aromatic ring systems, and more specifically refer to a stablethree- to fifteen-membered ring moiety comprising at least one carbonatom, and typically plural carbon atoms, and at least one, such as fromone to five, heteroatoms. The heteroatom(s) may be nitrogen, phosphorus,oxygen, silicon or sulfur atom(s). The heterocyclyl moiety may be amonocyclic moiety, or may comprise multiple rings, such as in a bicyclicor tricyclic ring system, provided that at least one of the ringscontains a heteroatom. Such a multiple ring moiety can include fused orbridged ring systems as well as spirocyclic systems; and any nitrogen,phosphorus, carbon, silicon or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclyl moietycan be optionally oxidized to various oxidation states. For convenience,nitrogens, particularly, but not exclusively, those defined as annulararomatic nitrogens, are meant to include their corresponding N-oxideform, although not explicitly defined as such in a particular example.Thus, for a compound having, for example, a pyridinyl ring, thecorresponding pyridinyl-N-oxide is included as another compound of thedisclosure, unless expressly excluded or excluded by context. Inaddition, annular nitrogen atoms can be optionally quaternized.Heterocycle includes heteroaryl moieties, and heteroalicyclyl orheterocycloaliphatic moieties, which are heterocyclyl rings that arepartially or fully saturated. Examples of heterocyclyl groups include,but are not limited to, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, acridinyl, benzodioxolyl,benzodioxanyl, benzofuranyl, carbazoyl, cinnolinyl, dioxolanyl,indolizinyl, naphthyridinyl, perhydroazepinyl, phenazinyl,phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl,quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrazoyl,tetrahydroisoquinolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl,2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, pyrrolyl,4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolyl,imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl,pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolinyl,oxazolidinyl, triazolyl, isoxazolyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl,thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, quinuclidinyl,isothiazolidinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl,octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl,decahydroisoquinolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyranyl,benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, diazabicycloheptane, diazapane,diazepine, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, thienyl, benzothieliyl,thiamorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiamorpholinyl sulfone,dioxaphospholanyl, and oxadiazolyl.

“Hydroxyl” refers to the group —OH.

“Nitro” refers to the group —NO₂.

“Phosphate” refers to the group —O—P(O)(OR′)₂, where each —OR′independently is —OH; —O-aliphatic, such as —O-alkyl or —O-cycloalkyl;—O-aromatic, including both —O-aryl and —O-heteroaryl; —O-aralkyl; or—OR′ is —O⁻M⁺, where M⁺ is a counter ion with a single positive charge.Each M⁺ may be an alkali ion, such as K⁺, Na⁺, Li⁺; an ammonium ion,such as ⁺N(R″)₄ where R″ is H, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, or aromatic(including both aryl and heteroaryl); or an alkaline earth ion, such as[Ca²⁺]_(0.5), [Mg²⁺]_(0.5), or [Ba²⁺]_(0.5). Phosphonooxyalkyl refers tothe group -alkyl-phosphate, such as, for example, —CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂, or asalt thereof, such as —CH₂OP(O)(O⁻Na⁺)₂, and(((dialkoxyphosphoryl)oxy)alkyl) refers to the dialkyl ester of aphosphonooxyalkyl group, such as, for example, —CH₂OP(O)(O-tert-butyl)₂.

“Phosphonate” refers to the group —P(O)(OR′)₂, where each —OR′independently is —OH; —O-aliphatic such as —O-alkyl or —O-cycloalkyl;—O-aromatic, including both —O-aryl and —O-heteroaryl; or —O-aralkyl; or—OR′ is —O⁻M⁺, and M⁺ is a counter ion with a single positive charge.Each M⁺ is a positively charged counterion and may be, by way ofexample, an alkali metal ion, such as K⁺, Na⁺, Li⁺; an ammonium ion,such as ⁺N(R″)₄ where R″ is H, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, or aromatic(including both aryl and heteroaryl); or an alkaline earth metal ion,such as [Ca²⁺]_(0.5), [Mg²⁺]_(0.5), or [Ba²⁺]_(0.5). Phosphonoalkylrefers to the group -alkyl-phosphonate, such as, for example,—CH₂P(O)(OH)₂, or —CH₂P(O)(O⁻Na⁺)₂, and ((dialkoxyphosphoryl)alkyl)refers to the dialkyl ester of a phosphonoalkyl group, such as, forexample, —CH₂P(O)(O-tert-butyl)₂.

“Patient” or “Subject” may refer generally to any living being, but moretypically refers to mammals and other animals, particularly humans. Thusdisclosed methods are applicable to both human therapy and veterinaryapplications.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a substance, otherthan the active ingredient, that is included in a composition comprisingthe active ingredient. As used herein, an excipient may be incorporatedwithin particles of a pharmaceutical composition, or it may bephysically mixed with particles of a pharmaceutical composition. Anexcipient can be used, for example, to dilute an active agent and/or tomodify properties of a pharmaceutical composition. Excipients caninclude, but are not limited to, anti-adherents, binders, coatings,enteric coatings, disintegrants, flavorings, sweeteners, colorants,lubricants, glidants, sorbents, preservatives, carriers or vehicles.Excipients may be starches and modified starches, cellulose andcellulose derivatives, saccharides and their derivatives such asdisaccharides, polysaccharides and sugar alcohols, protein, syntheticpolymers, crosslinked polymers, antioxidants, amino acids orpreservatives. Exemplary excipients include, but are not limited to,magnesium stearate, stearic acid, vegetable stearin, sucrose, lactose,starches, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethyleneglycol (PEG), tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate(also known as vitamin E TPGS, or TPGS), carboxy methyl cellulose,dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), vitamin A, vitamin E, vitaminC, retinyl palmitate, selenium, cysteine, methionine, citric acid,sodium citrate, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, sugar, silica, talc,magnesium carbonate, sodium starch glycolate, tartrazine, aspartame,benzalkonium chloride, sesame oil, propyl gallate, sodium metabisulphiteor lanolin.

An “adjuvant” is a component that modifies the effect of other agents,typically the active ingredient. Adjuvants are often pharmacologicaland/or immunological agents. An adjuvant may modify the effect of anactive ingredient by increasing an immune response. An adjuvant may alsoact as a stabilizing agent for a formulation. Exemplary adjuvantsinclude, but are not limited to, aluminum hydroxide, alum, aluminumphosphate, killed bacteria, squalene, detergents, cytokines, paraffinoil, and combination adjuvants, such as Freund's complete adjuvant orFreund's incomplete adjuvant.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to an excipient that is acarrier or vehicle, such as a suspension aid, solubilizing aid, oraerosolization aid. Remington; The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, TheUniversity of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Editor, Lippincott,Williams, & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa., 21^(st) Edition (2005),incorporated herein by reference, describes exemplary compositions andformulations suitable for pharmaceutical delivery of one or moretherapeutic compositions and additional pharmaceutical agents.

In general, the nature of the carrier will depend on the particular modeof administration being employed. For instance, parenteral formulationsusually comprise injectable fluids that include pharmaceutically andphysiologically acceptable fluids such as water, physiological saline,balanced salt solutions, aqueous dextrose, glycerol or the like as avehicle. In some examples, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier maybe sterile to be suitable for administration to a subject (for example,by parenteral, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection). In addition tobiologically-neutral carriers, pharmaceutical compositions to beadministered can contain minor amounts of non-toxic auxiliarysubstances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives, and pHbuffering agents and the like, for example sodium acetate or sorbitanmonolaurate.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to pharmaceutically acceptablesalts of a compound that are derived from a variety of organic andinorganic counter ions as will be known to a person of ordinary skill inthe art and include, by way of example only, sodium, potassium, calcium,magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, and the like; and when themolecule contains a basic functionality, salts of organic or inorganicacids, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, tartrate, mesylate, acetate,maleate, oxalate, and the like. “Pharmaceutically acceptable acidaddition salts” are a subset of “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” thatretain the biological effectiveness of the free bases while formed byacid partners. In particular, the disclosed compounds form salts with avariety of pharmaceutically acceptable acids, including, withoutlimitation, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid,sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, as well asorganic acids such as amino acids, formic acid, acetic acid,trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid,oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid,tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid,benzene sulfonic acid, isethionic acid, methanesulfonic acid,ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, xinafoicacid and the like. “Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts” area subset of “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” that are derived frominorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium,magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like.Exemplary salts are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, andmagnesium salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organicbases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, andtertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurringsubstituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such asisopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine,tripropylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), ethanolamine,2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine,lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline,betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine,purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins,and the like. Exemplary organic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine,tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), ethanolamine, trimethylamine,dicyclohexylamine, choline, and caffeine. (See, for example, S. M.Berge, et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” J. Pharm. Sci., 1977; 66:1-19which is incorporated herein by reference.) In particular disclosedembodiments, the compounds may be a formate, trifluoroactate,hydrochloride or sodium salt.

“Effective amount” with respect to a compound or pharmaceuticalcomposition refers to an amount of the compound or pharmaceuticalcomposition sufficient to achieve a particular desired result, such asto inhibit a protein or enzyme. In particular embodiments, an “effectiveamount” is an amount sufficient to inhibit RIP1; to elicit a desiredbiological or medical response in a tissue, system, subject or patient;to treat a specified disorder or disease; to ameliorate or eradicate oneor more of its symptoms; and/or to prevent the occurrence of the diseaseor disorder. The amount of a compound which constitutes an “effectiveamount” may vary depending on the compound, the desired result, thedisease state and its severity, the size, age, and gender of the patientto be treated and the like, as will be understood by a person ofordinary skill in the art.

“Prodrug” refers to compounds that are transformed in vivo to yield abiologically active compound, or a compound more biologically activethan the parent compound. In vivo transformation may occur, for example,by hydrolysis or enzymatic conversion. Common examples of prodrugmoieties include, but are not limited to, ester and amide forms of acompound having an active form bearing a carboxylic acid moiety.Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable esters of the compounds of thisdisclosure include, but are not limited to, esters of phosphate groupsand carboxylic acids, such as aliphatic esters, particularly alkylesters (for example C₁₋₆alkyl esters). Other prodrug moieties includephosphate esters, such as —CH₂—O—P(O)(OR′)₂ or a salt thereof, whereinR′ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl. Acceptable esters also include cycloalkyl estersand arylalkyl esters such as, but not limited to benzyl. Examples ofpharmaceutically acceptable amides of the compounds of this disclosureinclude, but are not limited to, primary amides, and secondary andtertiary alkyl amides (for example with between about one and about sixcarbons). Amides and esters of disclosed exemplary embodiments ofcompounds according to the present disclosure can be prepared accordingto conventional methods. A thorough discussion of prodrugs is providedin T. Higuchi and V. Stella, “Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,” Vol14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in DrugDesign, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association andPergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated herein by referencefor all purposes.

“Solvate” refers to a complex formed by combination of solvent moleculeswith molecules or ions of a solute. The solvent can be an organicsolvent, an inorganic solvent, or a mixture of both. Exemplary solventsinclude, but are not limited to, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol,propanol; amides such as N,N-dialiphatic amides, such asN,N-dimethylformamide; tetrahydrofuran; alkylsulfoxides, such asdimethylsulfoxide; water; and combinations thereof. The compoundsdescribed herein can exist in un-solvated as well as solvated forms whencombined with solvents, pharmaceutically acceptable or not, such aswater, ethanol, and the like. Solvated forms of the presently disclosedcompounds are within the scope of the embodiments disclosed herein.

“Sulfonamide” refers to the group or moiety —SO₂amino, or —N(R)sulfonyl,where R is H, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, or aromatic (including botharyl and heteroaryl).

“Sulfanyl” refers to the group or —SH, —S-aliphatic, —S-heteroaliphatic,—S-aromatic, (including both-S-aryl and —S-heteroaryl).

“Sulfinyl” refers to the group or moiety —S(O)H, —S(O)aliphatic,—S(O)heteroaliphatic, or —S(O)aromatic (including both —S(O)aryl and—S(O)heteroaryl).

“Sulfonyl” refers to the group: —SO₂H, —SO₂aliphatic,—SO₂heteroaliphatic, —SO₂aromatic (including both —SO₂aryl and—SO₂heteroaryl).

“Treating” or “treatment” as used herein concerns treatment of a diseaseor condition of interest in a patient or subject, particularly a humanhaving the disease or condition of interest, and includes by way ofexample, and without limitation:

(i) preventing the disease or condition from occurring in a patient orsubject, in particular, when such patient or subject is predisposed tothe condition but has not yet been diagnosed as having it;

(ii) inhibiting the disease or condition, for example, arresting orslowing its development;

(iii) relieving the disease or condition, for example, causingdiminution of a symptom or regression of the disease or condition or asymptom thereof; or

(iv) stabilizing the disease or condition.

As used herein, the terms “disease” and “condition” can be usedinterchangeably or can be different in that the particular malady orcondition may not have a known causative agent (so that etiology has notyet been determined) and it is therefore not yet recognized as a diseasebut only as an undesirable condition or syndrome, where a more or lessspecific set of symptoms have been identified by clinicians.

The above definitions and the following general formulas are notintended to include impermissible substitution patterns (e.g., methylsubstituted with 5 fluoro groups). Such impermissible substitutionpatterns are easily recognized by a person having ordinary skill in theart.

A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that particularcompounds may exhibit the phenomena of tautomerism, conformationalisomerism, geometric isomerism, and/or optical isomerism. For example,certain disclosed compounds can include one or more chiral centersand/or double bonds and as a consequence can exist as stereoisomers,such as double-bond isomers (i.e., geometric isomers), enantiomers,diasteromers, and mixtures thereof, such as racemic mixtures. As anotherexample, certain disclosed compounds can exist in several tautomericforms, including the enol form, the keto form, and mixtures thereof. Asthe various compound names, formulae and compound drawings within thespecification and claims can represent only one of the possibletautomeric, conformational isomeric, optical isomeric, or geometricisomeric forms, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat the disclosed compounds encompass any tautomeric, conformationalisomeric, optical isomeric, and/or geometric isomeric forms of thecompounds described herein, as well as mixtures of these variousdifferent isomeric forms. Mixtures of different isomeric forms,including mixtures of enantiomers and/or stereoisomers, can be separatedto provide each separate enantiomer and/or stereoisomer using techniquesknown to those of ordinary skill in the art, particularly with thebenefit of the present disclosure which provides methods such as chiralHPLC for separating such mixtures. Alternatively, compounds may besynthesized in enantio-pure or enantioenriched form as known to those ofordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis. In cases of limitedrotation, e.g. around the amide bond or between two directly attachedrings such as pyridinyl rings, biphenyl groups, and the like,atropisomers are also possible and are also specifically included in thecompounds of the disclosure.

In any embodiments, any or all hydrogens present in the compound, or ina particular group or moiety within the compound, may be replaced by adeuterium or a tritium. Thus, a recitation of alkyl includes deuteratedalkyl, wherein the group is enriched in deuterium relative to itsnatural abundance, or where from one to the maximum number of hydrogenspresent may be replaced by deuterium. For example, ethyl refers to bothC₂H₅ or C₂H₅ where from 1 to 5 hydrogens are replaced by deuterium, suchas in C₂D_(x)H_(5-x).

II. RIP1-Active Compounds and Pharmaceutical Compositions ComprisingRIP1-Active Compounds

A. Compounds

Disclosed herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositionscomprising such compounds that are useful for inhibiting RIP1 and/or fortreating diseases and/or conditions associated with RIP1. In someembodiments, the compounds are selective kinase inhibitors. For example,exemplary compounds are able to selectively inhibit RIP1 over otherkinases, including over RIP2, RIP3, or both.

In some embodiments, a compound of the present disclosure has astructure according to Formula I

wherein

X is selected from a bond, CH₂, O, S, S(O), S(O)₂ and NR^(a);

R^(a) is for each occurrence selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆alkyl;

Y¹, Y² and Y³ are independently selected from the group consisting of N,N(R^(a)), O, C(R^(b))₁₋₂ and C═O;

R^(b) is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl and halo;

Z is C(R^(c)) or NR^(c);

R^(c) is a C₁₋₄ unsaturated carbon chain optionally substituted with oneor more R¹ groups, optionally interrupted by 1 or 2 heteroatoms selectedfrom O, N and S;

R^(z) is N, CH or C(R′) and together with ZR^(c) and the carbon to whichthey are bound form a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or 6-membered aryl ringoptionally substituted with m R¹ groups;

R¹ is a halogen, a linker-R⁶ group, wherein the linker is a bond,(C1-C4) alkanyl, (C1-C4) alkenyl or (C1-C4) alkynyl, optionallysubstituted by one or more R^(b) and R⁶ is R^(e), —C(R^(f))₃, or—C(R^(f))═C(R^(f))₂;

R² is R^(a);

ring B is 5-10-membered heteroaryl;

R³ is, for each occurrence, independently selected from R^(b) andOR^(a);

L is O, NR^(a) or alkylene;

W is 5-10 membered aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted by p R⁴;

R⁴ is for each occurrence selected from R^(b) and OR^(a);

R^(d) is for each occurrence independently selected from hydrogen,C₁₋₆alkyl, aralkyl, C₅₋₁₀ aryl or heteroaryl, or two R^(d) together witha nitrogen to which they are both attached form a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclicgroup optionally substituted by one or more R^(e);

R^(e) is independently for each occurrence halo, —OR^(d), —SR^(d),—S(O)₂R^(d), —NR^(d)R^(d), —Si(R^(a))₃, —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR^(a), or—C(O)NR^(d)R^(d);

-   -   R^(f) is independently for each occurrence R^(a), R^(b), or        R^(e), or two R^(f) groups together with the carbon atom bound        thereto provide a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl group or a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic        group each optionally substituted with one or more R^(e);    -   m is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   n is 0, 1 or 2; and        p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that compoundswithin the scope of Formula I also include stereoisomers, A-oxides,tautomers, hydrates, solvates, isotopes, and/or prodrugs thereof, unlessotherwise specified. With reference to Formula 1, exemplary compoundsare isolated as a racemic mixture and other compounds are synthesizedand/or isolated as a single enantiomer. In particular the carbon markedwith * in Formula I may be in the R or S configuration.

Certain embodiments of Formula I have structures IA, IB, IC or ID

With reference to Formulas I, IA, IB, IC and ID, R^(z) together withZR^(c) and the carbon to which they are bound form a 5 or 6 memberedheteroaryl or 6-membered aryl ring optionally substituted with m R¹groups, wherein m is 1, 2, 3 or 4. R^(c) is a C₁₋₄ unsaturated carbonchain optionally interrupted by 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, Nand S. Thus, with continued reference to Formulas I, IA, IB and ICcertain embodiments of the disclosed compounds have Formula II, III orIV.

With reference to Formulas I, IA, IB, IC, ID, II, III and IV, m is 0, 1,2, 3, or 4, such as 1, 2, 3 or 4 and in certain instances m is 1 or 2,such as 1. In other embodiments, m is 0 or 1. In particular inembodiments of Formulas I, IA, IB, IC, ID, II, III and IV wherein B is

m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, such as 0 or 1.

With reference to Formula IV Z¹ is selected from C and N; and Z², Z³ andZ⁴ independently are selected from O, S, S(O)₂, CH, N, N(R^(a)) and CR¹.With continued reference to Formula IV, m is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and in certainembodiments of Formula IV, m is 0 or 1. In one embodiment of Formula IVat least one of Z² and Z⁴ is CH or CR¹ and has Formula IVA

in one embodiment of Formulas IV and IVA, Z¹ is N and Z³ is CH or CR¹.Such compounds have Formula IVB

In embodiments of the disclosed RIP1K inhibitor compounds, includingthose of Formulas I, IA, IB, IC, ID, II and III, IV, IVA and IVB as wellas in Formulas V, VA, VB, VC, VD and VI described below, R¹ can be, ineach instance, linker-R⁶. In such embodiments, the linker of thelinker-R⁶ moiety is a C₁, C₂, C₃, or C₄ aliphatic group, such as a C₂alkylene group, an alkenylene group, or an alkynylene group, or a C₁,C₂, C₃, or C₄ haloaliphatic group, such as a C₂ haloalkylene group, oran haloalkenylene group. In some embodiments, the linker group of R¹ isR^(a) wherein R^(a) is C₁-C₄alkylene, such as —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—,—CH₂CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—; or the linker group is C₂₋₁₀C₄alkenylene, such as —CH═CH—, —CH═CHCH₂—, —CH₂CH═CH—, or —CH₂CH═CHCH₂—;or the linker group is C₂-C₄alkynylene, such as —C≡C—, —C≡CCH₂—,—CH₂C≡C—, or —CHC≡C—CH₂—. Such groups optionally are substituted, suchas with one or more R^(b), wherein R^(b) is selected from C₁₋₆alkyl andhalo. In some embodiments, the linker group is C₂. C₄haloalkenylene,such as —CF═CH—, —CCl═CH—, —CH═CCl—, —CH═CF—, —CCl═CCl—, —CF═CF—, or—CCl═CF—, —CF═CCl—. In some embodiments, linker group is —CH₂—,—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH═CH—, —CCl═CH—, —CH═CCl—, or—C≡C—.

The R⁶ group of R¹ is C(R^(f))₃ in some embodiments, wherein one R^(f)is R^(e), wherein R^(e) is —OR^(a) (e.g., hydroxyl or OMe) and eachother R^(f) independently is R^(a), wherein R^(a) is C₁₋₄aliphatic andpreferably each other R^(f) is R^(a) wherein R^(a) is independently foreach occurrence C₁₋₄alkyl. In particular embodiments, each other R^(f)is R^(a) wherein R^(a) is methyl or CD₃. In additional embodiments, R⁶is —C(R^(f))₃ wherein each R^(f) is R^(a) wherein R^(a) is methyl or Hor wherein each R^(f) is R^(a) wherein R^(a) is methyl or R^(b) whereinR^(b) is —C(O)OR^(c). In some additional embodiments, one R^(f) is R^(e)is —OR^(a) (e.g., hydroxyl or OMe) and the other two R^(f) groups jointogether to provide a alicyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl) or heterocyclic group (e.g., epoxide,oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan), or the like, with the carbon atom to whichthey are bound. In some such embodiments, the alicyclic and/orheterocyclic group can be substituted, with some particular embodimentsbeing substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups or benzyl-carbonylgroups.

Some compound embodiments have a linker group that is a C₂₋₄ group,which can comprise an alkyne. In particular embodiments, R¹ is a-linker-R⁶ group and the linker is R^(a) wherein R^(a) is —CH₂—,—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—, or —CH₂C≡C—,and R⁶ is R^(b) wherein R^(b) is —C(O)OEt or is —C(O)NR^(d)R^(d) or—NR^(d)R^(d) wherein each R^(d) independently for each occurrence ishydrogen, C₅₋₁₀heteroaryl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, or both R^(d) groups jointogether to provide a heterocyclic group with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are bound, which may further comprise one or more additionalheteroatoms aside from the nitrogen atom to which the R^(d) groups arebound. In some embodiments, one R^(d) is hydrogen and the other R^(d) isC₅₋₁₀heteroaryl, which can be substituted with one or more R^(e), suchas one of the following:

In particular embodiments of Formulas I, IA, IB, IC, ID, II and III, IV,IVA and IVB at least one R¹ moiety is

In other embodiments, R¹ is heterocyclyl, such as —NR^(d)R^(d) whereintwo R^(d) groups together with the nitrogen bound thereto provide aC₃₋₁₀heterocyclic group. In some embodiments when two R^(d) groupstogether with the nitrogen bound thereto provide a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclicgroup, the C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic group is substituted with one or more R^(e)groups and/or has one or more additional heteroatoms in addition to thenitrogen to which both R^(d) groups are bound in certain embodiments. Insome embodiments, the C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic group is substituted with twoR^(e) groups that join together to provide a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic group andthis C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic, along with the R^(b) group can provide aspirocyclic group or a bicyclic group. Certain disclosed spirocyclicgroups comprise at least two rings, with each ring having a differentnumber of atoms in the ring. In some embodiments, the spirocyclic groupcomprises at least two rings, wherein a first ring and a second ring ofthe spirocyclic group have a different number of carbon atoms, adifferent number of heteroatoms, or both. In yet additional embodiments,each ring of the spirocyclic group comprises a heteroatom in the ring,and each ring of the spirocyclic group may have a different heteroatomin the ring or the same heteroatom in the ring, such as at least oneoxygen atom and at least one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, thespirocyclic group comprises a first ring comprising a nitrogen atom anda second ring comprising an oxygen atom. The spirocyclic group comprisesa first ring coupled to the ring A phenyl group, wherein the first ringhas from 3 to 7 atoms and a second ring has from 3 to 7 atoms.Typically, the spirocyclic group comprises greater than 7 total atoms inthe spirocyclic system, with some embodiments having a spirocyclic groupthat comprises 9 total atoms in the spirocyclic system. TheC₃₋₁₀heterocyclic formed by the two R^(e) groups and theC₃₋₁₀heterocyclic formed by the two R^(d) groups of R^(b) may provide abicyclic group, such as a bicyclic group comprising two or moreheteroatoms in the bicyclic group, such as nitrogen and/or oxygen. Thebicyclic group may be attached to the ring A phenyl group through anitrogen atom of the bicyclic group. In some embodiments, the bicyclicgroup may be a fused bicyclic group or a bridged bicyclic group.

In any or all of Formulas I, IA, IB, IC, ID, II and III, IV, IVA and IVBas well as in the Formulas V, VA, VB, VC, VD and VI described below, R¹is selected from

With respect to Formulas I, IA, IB, IC, II, III, IV, IVA and IVB, Y¹, Y²and Y³ are independently selected from the group consisting of N,N(R^(a)), O, C(R^(b))₁₋₂ and C═O. In one embodiment of the Formulasabove the disclosed compounds have Formula V

wherein the bond between Y² and Y³ is single or double, such as inFormulas VA, VB, VC or VD illustrated below. With continued reference toFormula V, in certain embodiments Y² and Y³ are each CH₂. In otherembodiments of Formula V, Y² and Y³ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of CH₂ and CHCl, such as when Y² is CH₂ and Y³ is CHCl,or Y² is CHCl and Y³ is CH₂.

In another embodiment of Formulas I, IA, IB, II, III, IV, IVA and IVB,the disclosed compounds have Formula VI

With reference to the Formulas above, R² can be any suitablesubstituent, such as an R^(a) moiety, such as hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl orC₁₋₆acyl, for example hydrogen or methyl. When R² is methyl, the methylmoiety may be —CD₃- that is, the methyl group may be enriched indeuterium relative to its natural abundance.

With respect to Formulas IA, IB, II, III, IV, IVA, IVB, V, VA, VB, VC,VD and VI, ring B is heteroaryl, such as a 5-10 membered heteroarylgroup, for example a 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl. In someembodiments, ring B is a 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl wherein theheteroaryl has one or two ring or three nitrogen atoms and the remainderof the ring atoms are carbon, such as a pyrrole, diazole or triazole. Inother embodiments, ring B is oxazole, thiazole or isoxazole. In certainembodiments, ring B is pyrazolyl, and in other particular embodiments,ring B is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl. In certain embodiments ring B is abicyclic ring system wherein at least one ring is aromatic. Examples ofsuch bicyclic ring systems for B include, without limitationdihydropyrrolotriazole, triazolopyridine, imidazolopyridine,tetrahydrotriazolopyrazine, tetrahydropyrazolopyridine and the like. Incertain embodiments, the group B has the formula

In particular embodiments of Formulas IA, IB, II, III, IV, IVA, IVB, V,VA, VB, VC, VD and VI, wherein ring B is a 5-membered heteroaryl group,ring B can have a structure satisfying formula

wherein at least one W is nitrogen, and each remaining W independentlyis selected from carbon, CH, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, or NH. In someembodiments, the 5-membered heteroaryl group is a diazole, a triazole,an oxadiazole, or an oxazole. Exemplary triazoles include any of thefollowing:

Exemplary diazoles are selected from any of the following:

Exemplary oxazoles are selected from any of the following:

Exemplary oxadiazoles are selected from any of the following:

As noted above with reference to I, IA, IB, II, III, IV, IVA, IVB, V,VA, VB, VC, VD and VI, the “B” ring optionally is substituted, such aswith R^(b) and OR^(a), wherein for each occurrence R^(b) is selectedfrom C₁₋₆alkyl, such as methyl, and halo, such as fluoro or chloro.

With continued reference to Formulas I, IA, IB, II, III, IV, IVA, IVB,V, VA, VB, VC, VD and VI, Lisa linker moiety such as O, N(R^(a)),—NR^(a)—, alkylene, cycloalkanyl or a combination thereof. The alkylenemoiety may be optionally interrupted with one or more —O—, —N(R^(a))— or—NR^(a)—. By way of example, such linker moieties include, withoutlimitation, —(CH₂)_(m)—R^(e), —(CHR^(a))_(m)—R^(e), —O—(CH₂)_(m)—R^(e),—C(O)NH—(CH₂)_(m)—R^(e), —C(O)NH—(CH R^(a))_(m)—R^(e),—O—(CH₂)_(m)—C(O)NH—(CH₂)_(m)—R^(e), such as —CH₂, —CH(Me), —C(Me)₂,—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CF₂—, —CH(F); as well ascycloalkanyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl andcyclohexyl groups, optionally substituted with one or more R^(b).

In Formulas IA, IB, II, III, IV, IVA, IVB, V, VA, VB, VC, VD and VI, theW moiety is a 5-10 membered aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted byp R⁴ groups, wherein;

R⁴ is, for each occurrence, selected from R^(b) and OR^(a). In certainembodiments of the disclosed compounds, W is selected from

Certain disclosed exemplary compounds within the scope of one or more ofFormulas I, IA, IB, II, III, IV, IVA, IVB, V, VA, VB, VC, VD and VI arelisted in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Compound structure

I-1

I-2

I-3

I-4

I-5

I-6

I-7

I-8

I-9

I-10

I-11

I-12

I-13

I-14

I-19

I-20

I-21

I-22

I-23

I-24

I-25

I-26

I-27

I-28

I-29

I-30

I-31

I-32

I-33

I-34

I-35

I-36

I-37

I-38

I-39

I-40

I-41

I-42

I-43

I-44

I-45

I-46

I-47

I-48

I-49

I-50

I-51

I-52

I-53

I-54

I-55

I-56

I-57

I-58

I-59

I-60

I-61

I-62

I-63

I-64

I-65

I-66

I-67

I-68

I-69

I-70

I-71

I-72

I-73

I-74

I-75

I-76

I-77

I-78

I-79

I-80

I-81

I-82

I-83

I-84

I-85

I-86

I-87

I-88

I-89

I-90

I-91

I-92

I-93

A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that certaincompounds disclosed herein may exhibit the phenomena of tautomerism,conformational isomerism, geometric isomerism, and/or optical isomerism.For example, certain disclosed compounds can include one or more chiralcenters and/or double bonds and as a consequence can exist asstereoisomers, such as double-bond isomers (i.e., geometric isomers),enantiomers, diastereomers, and mixtures thereof, such as racemicmixtures. As another example, certain disclosed compounds can exist inseveral tautomeric forms, including the enol form, the keto form, andmixtures thereof. As the various compound names, formulae and compounddrawings within the specification and claims can represent only one ofthe possible tautomeric, conformational isomeric, optical isomeric, orgeometric isomeric forms, a person of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate that the disclosed compounds encompass any tautomeric,conformational isomeric, optical isomeric, and/or geometric isomericforms of the compounds described herein, as well as mixtures of thesevarious different isomeric forms. Mixtures of different isomeric forms,including mixtures of enantiomers and/or stereoisomers, can be separatedto provide each separate stereoisomer techniques known to those ofordinary skill in the art, and those illustrated in the presentdisclosure. In cases of limited rotation, e.g. around an amide bond orbetween two directly attached rings such as pyridinyl rings, biphenylgroups, and the like, atropisomers are possible and are simplyinterconverting forms of compounds of the disclosure.

B. Pharmaceutical Compositions

In some embodiments, one or more of the compounds can be included in apharmaceutical composition or medicament, and in some embodiments thecompound or compounds can be in the form of the parent compound or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, a co-crystal, a stereoisomer, anN-oxide, a tautomer, a hydrate, a solvate, an isotope, or a prodrugthereof. The pharmaceutical composition typically includes at least oneadditional component other than a disclosed compound or compounds, suchas a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, an adjuvant, an additionaltherapeutic agent (described in the following section), or anycombination thereof.

Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients can be included in pharmaceuticalcompositions for a variety of purposes, such as to dilute apharmaceutical composition for delivery to a subject, to facilitateprocessing of the formulation, to provide advantageous materialproperties to the formulation, to facilitate dispersion from a deliverydevice, to stabilize the formulation (e.g., antioxidants or buffers), toprovide a pleasant or palatable taste or consistency to the formulation,or the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) may include apharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s). Exemplary excipients include,but are not limited to: mono-, di-, and polysaccharides, sugar alcoholsand other polyols, such as, lactose, glucose, raffinose, melezitose,lactitol, maltitol, trehalose, sucrose, mannitol, starch, orcombinations thereof; surfactants, such as sorbitols, diphosphatidylcholine, and lecithin; bulking agents; buffers, such as phosphate andcitrate buffers; anti-adherents, such as magnesium stearate; binders,such as saccharides (including disaccharides, such as sucrose andlactose), polysaccharides (such as starches, cellulose, microcrystallinecellulose, cellulose ethers (such as hydroxypropyl cellulose), gelatin,synthetic polymers (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyalkylene glycols);coatings (such as cellulose ethers, including hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, shellac, corn protein zein, and gelatin); release aids (suchas enteric coatings); disintegrants (such as crospovidone, crosslinkedsodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and sodium starch glycolate); fillers(such as dibasic calcium phosphate, vegetable fats and oils, lactose,sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, and magnesiumstearate); flavors and sweeteners (such as mint, cherry, anise, peach,apricot or licorice, raspberry, and vanilla; lubricants (such asminerals, exemplified by talc or silica, fats, exemplified by vegetablestearin, magnesium stearate or stearic acid); preservatives (such asantioxidants exemplified by vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, retinylpalmitate, and selenium, amino acids, exemplified by cysteine andmethionine, citric acid and sodium citrate, parabens, exemplified bymethyl paraben and propyl paraben); colorants; compression aids;emulsifying agents; encapsulation agents; gums; granulation agents; andcombinations thereof.

III. Methods for Using Compounds

A. Diseases/Disorders

The disclosed compounds, as well as combinations and/or pharmaceuticalcompositions thereof, may be used to inhibit a RIP1 kinase by contactingthe kinase either in vivo or ex vivo, with a compound or compounds ofthe present disclosure, or a composition comprising a compound orcompounds of the present disclosure. Disclosed compound or compounds, orcompositions comprising a disclosed compound or compounds also can beused to ameliorate, treat or prevent a variety of diseases and/ordisorders. In particular embodiments, the disclosed compound,combinations of disclosed compounds, or pharmaceutical compositionsthereof, may be useful for treating conditions in which inhibition ofRIP1 or a pathway involving RIP1 is therapeutically useful. In someembodiments, the compounds directly inhibit RIP1 kinase activity. Incertain embodiments, disclosed compounds are useful for treatingauto-immune diseases, inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases,nerve disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, allergic disorders,respiratory diseases, kidney diseases, cancers, ischemic conditions,erythrocyte deficiencies, lung and brain injuries (e.g., induced byischemia-reperfusion or cisplatin and/or cerebrovascular accident), andbacterial and viral infections.

In some embodiments, the disclosed compound, combinations of disclosedcompounds, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, may be used to treator prevent allergic diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),spinal muscular atrophy, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoidarthritis, type I diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, biliarycirrhosis, uveitis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerativecolitis, bullous pemphigoid, sarcoidosis, psoriasis, autoimmunemyositis, Wegener's granulomatosis, ichthyosis, Graves ophthalmyopathy,or asthma.

The disclosed compound, combinations of disclosed compounds, orpharmaceutical compositions thereof, may also be useful for treatingimmune regulatory disorders related to bone marrow or organ transplantrejection or graft-versus-host disease. Examples of inflammatory andimmune regulatory disorders that can be treated with the compounds (orpharmaceutical compositions or combinations thereof) include, but arenot limited to, transplantation of organs or tissue, graft-versus-hostdiseases brought about by transplantation, autoimmune syndromesincluding rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,Hashimoto's thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis,systemic inflammatory response syndrome, myasthenia gravis, type Idiabetes, uveitis, posterior uveitis, allergic encephalomyelitis,glomerulonephritis, postinfectious autoimmune diseases includingrheumatic fever and post-infectious glomerulonephritis, inflammatory andhyperproliferative skin diseases, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contactdermatitis, eczematous dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, hidradenitissuppurativa, lichen planus, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysisbullosa, urticaria, angioedemas, vasculitis, erythema, cutaneouseosinophilia, lupus erythematosus, acne, alopecia areata,keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, uveitis associated withBehcet's disease, keratitis, herpetic keratitis, conical cornea,dystrophia epithelialis corneae, corneal leukoma, ocular pemphigus,Mooren's ulcer, scleritis, Graves' opthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Haradasyndrome, sarcoidosis, pollen allergies, reversible obstructive airwaydisease, bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma, extrinsicasthma, dust asthma, chronic or inveterate asthma, late asthma andairway hyper-responsiveness, bronchitis, gastric ulcers, vascular damagecaused by ischemic diseases and thrombosis, ischemic bowel diseases,ischemia-reperfusion injuries, inflammatory bowel diseases, necrotizingenterocolitis, intestinal lesions associated with thermal burns, celiacdiseases, proctitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn'sdisease, ulcerative colitis, migraine, rhinitis, eczema, interstitialnephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, diabeticnephropathy, multiple myositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Meniere'sdisease, polyneuritis, multiple neuritis, mononeuritis, radiculopathy,hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, pure red cell aplasia, aplasticanemia, hypoplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,autoimmune hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, pernicious anemia,megaloblastic anemia, anerythroplasia, osteoporosis, sarcoidosis,fibroid lung, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, dermatomyositis,leukoderma vulgaris, ichthyosis vulgaris, photoallergic sensitivity,cutaneous T cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia,arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, aortitis syndrome, polyarteritisnodosa, myocardosis or myocardial infarction, scleroderma (includingsystemic scleroderma), anti-phospholipid syndrome, Wegener's granuloma,Sjögren's syndrome, adiposis, eosinophilic fascitis, lesions of gingiva,periodontium, alveolar bone, substantia ossea dentis,glomerulonephritis, male pattern alopecia or alopecia senilis bypreventing epilation or providing hair germination and/or promoting hairgeneration and hair growth, muscular dystrophy, pyoderma and Sezary'ssyndrome, Addison's disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs whichoccurs upon preservation, transplantation or ischemic disease,endotoxin-shock, pseudomembranous colitis, colitis caused by drug orradiation, ischemic acute renal insufficiency, chronic renalinsufficiency, toxinosis caused by lung-oxygen or drugs, lung cancer,pulmonary emphysema, cataracta, siderosis, retinitis pigmentosa, retinaldegeneration, retinal detachment, senile macular degeneration, vitrealscarring, corneal alkali burn, dermatitis erythema multiforme, linearIgA ballous dermatitis and cement dermatitis, gingivitis, periodontitis,sepsis, pancreatitis, diseases caused by environmental pollution, aging,carcinogenesis, metastasis of carcinoma and hypobaropathy, diseasecaused by histamine or leukotriene-C4 release, Behcet's disease,autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis,partial liver resection, acute liver necrosis, necrosis caused by toxin,viral hepatitis, shock, or anoxia, B-virus hepatitis, non-A/non-Bhepatitis, cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, including alcoholiccirrhosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), autoimmune hepatobiliary diseases, acetaminophen toxicity,hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure, fulminant hepatic failure, late-onsethepatic failure, “acute-on-chronic” liver failure, chronic kidneydiseases, kidney damage/injury (caused by, for example, nephritis, renaltransplant, surgery, administration of nephrotoxic drugs, acute kidneyinjury), augmentation of chemotherapeutic effect, cytomegalovirusinfection, HCMV infection, AIDS, cancer, senile dementia, Parkinson'sdisease, trauma, or chronic bacterial infection.

In certain embodiments the present compounds are useful for treatingnerve pain, including neuropathic pain and inflammation induced pain.

In certain embodiments, the compounds are useful for treatinginterleukin-1 converting enzyme-associated associated fever syndrome,tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome,NEMO-deficiency syndrome, HOIL-1 deficiency, linear ubiquitin chainassembly complex deficiency syndrome, lysosomal storage diseases (e.g.,Gaucher disease, GM2 gangliosidosis, alpha-mannosidosis,aspartylglucosaminuria, cholesteryl ester storage disease, chronichexosaminidase A deficiency, cystinosis, Danon disease, Fabry disease,Farber disease, fucosidosis, galactosialidosis, GM1 gangliosidosis,mucolipidosis, infantile free sialic acid storage disease, juvenilehexosaminidase A deficiency, Krabbe disease, lysosomal acid lipasedeficiency, metachromatic leukodystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosesdisorders, multiple sulfatase deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease, neuronalceroid lipofuscinoses, Pompe disease, pycnodysostosis, Sandhoff disease,Schindler disease, sialic acid storage disease, Tay-Sach disease, andWolman disease).

In certain embodiments, the disclosed compound, combinations ofdisclosed compounds, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, are usefulfor treating and/or preventing rheumatoid arthritis, psoriaticarthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupusnephritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoporosis, systemic sclerosis,multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, in particular pustular psoriasis, type Idiabetes, type II diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's diseaseand ulcerative colitis), hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome and periodicfever syndrome, such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes,Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) syndrome, Schnitzler's syndrome, andTNF-Receptor-Associated Periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS), systemicjuvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult's onset Still's disease, gout, goutflares, pseudogout, sapho syndrome, Castleman's disease, sepsis, stroke,atherosclerosis, celiac disease, DIRA (deficiency of Il-1 receptorantagonist),

The disclosed RIP1K inhibitors are particularly useful for the treatmentof neurological disorders, including, as mentioned above,neurodegenerative disorders. By way of example the present compounds canbe used to treat Alzheimer's disease, ALS, Huntington's disease, andParkinson's disease.

Proliferative diseases that may be treated by the disclosed compound,combinations of disclosed compounds, or pharmaceutical compositionsthereof, include benign or malignant tumors, solid tumor, carcinoma ofthe brain, kidney, liver, adrenal gland, bladder, breast, stomach,gastric tumors, ovaries, colon, rectum, prostate, pancreas, lung,vagina, cervix, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus, larynx, skin,bone or thyroid, sarcoma, glioblastomas, neuroblastomas, multiplemyeloma, gastrointestinal cancer, especially colon carcinoma orcolorectal adenoma, a tumor of the neck and head, an epidermalhyperproliferation, psoriasis, prostate hyperplasia, a neoplasia, aneoplasia of epithelial character, adenoma, adenocarcinoma,keratoacanthoma, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma,non-small-cell lung carcinoma, lymphomas, Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins, amammary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma,papillary carcinoma, seminoma, melanoma, IL-1 driven disorders, a MyD88driven disorder (such as ABC diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL),Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary cutaneousT-cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia), smoldering or indolentmultiple myeloma, or hematological malignancies (including leukemia,acute myeloid leukemia (AML), DLBCL, ABC DLBCL, chronic lymphocyticleukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), primary effusionlymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cellprolymphocytic leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma,myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) such as chronicmyelomonocytic leukemia (CMML, including CMML-0, CMML-1 and CMML-2),myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, Kaposi's sarcoma, Waldenström'smacroglobulinemia (WM), splenic marginal zone lymphoma, multiplemyeloma, plasmacytoma, intravascular large B-cell lymphoma). Inparticular, the presently disclosed compounds are useful in treatingdrug resistant malignancies, such as those resistant to JAK inhibitorsor BTK inhibitors, such as ibrutinib resistant malignancies, includingibrutinib resistant hematological malignancies, such as ibrutinibresistant CLL and ibrutinib resistant Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Despite CMML having certain clinical and pathological features of both amyeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS),CMML is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in a separatecategory of an MDS/MPN overlap group. (Arber et al. “The 2016 revisionto the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms andacute leukemia” Blood, vol. 127, number 20, pages 2391-2405, May 19,2016.) According to the WHO, the diagnosis of CMML now requires both thepresence of persistent peripheral blood monocytosis of ≥1×10⁹/L andmonocytes accounting for ≥10% of the white blood cell (WBC) differentialcount. Additionally, CMML can only be diagnosed per the definition whenrearrangements in PDGFRA, PDGFRB or FGFR1 genes have been excluded, andin the 2016 update, the PCM1-JAK2 fusion gene was added as an excludingcriterion. In some embodiments, a method for treating CMML comprisesidentifying a subject having the WHO diagnosis criteria (i.e.,persistent peripheral blood monocytosis of ≥1×10⁹/L and monocytesaccounting for ≥10% of the white blood cell differential count) andexcluding rearrangements in PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, or PCM1-JAK2 genes),and treating the subject by administering a RIP1 inhibitor disclosedherein, combinations of such compounds, and/or compositions thereof.

Examples of allergic disorders that may be treated using the disclosedcompound, combinations of disclosed compounds, or pharmaceuticalcompositions thereof, include, but are not limited to, asthma (e.g.atopic asthma, allergic asthma, atopic bronchial IgE-mediated asthma,non-atopic asthma, bronchial asthma, non-allergic asthma, essentialasthma, true asthma, intrinsic asthma caused by pathophysiologicdisturbances, essential asthma of unknown or unapparent cause,emphysematous asthma, exercise-induced asthma, emotion-induced asthma,extrinsic asthma caused by environmental factors, cold air inducedasthma, occupational asthma, infective asthma caused by or associatedwith bacterial, fungal, protozoal, or viral infection, incipient asthma,wheezy infant syndrome, bronchiolitis, cough variant asthma ordrug-induced asthma), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA),allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, perennial rhinitis,vasomotor rhinitis, post-nasal drip, purulent or non-purulent sinusitis,acute or chronic sinusitis, and ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, or sphenoidsinusitis.

As another example, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) typically results inswelling, pain, loss of motion and tenderness of target jointsthroughout the body. RA is characterized by chronically inflamedsynovium that is densely crowded with lymphocytes. The synovialmembrane, which is typically one cell layer thick, becomes intenselycellular and assumes a form similar to lymphoid tissue, includingdendritic cells, T-, B- and NK cells, macrophages and clusters of plasmacells. This process, as well as a plethora of immunopathologicalmechanisms including the formation of antigen-immunoglobulin complexes,eventually result in destruction of the integrity of the joint,resulting in deformity, permanent loss of function and/or bone erosionat or near the joint. The disclosed compound, combinations of disclosedcompounds, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, may be used to treat,ameliorate or prevent any one, several or all of these symptoms of RA.Thus, in the context of RA, the compounds are considered to providetherapeutic benefit when a reduction or amelioration of any of thesymptoms commonly associated with RA is achieved, regardless of whetherthe treatment results in a concomitant treatment of the underlying RAand/or a reduction in the amount of circulating rheumatoid factor(“RF”).

The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) has developed criteria fordefining improvement and clinical remission in RA. Once such parameter,the ACR20 (ACR criteria for 20% clinical improvement), requires a 20%improvement in the tender and swollen joint count, as well as a 20%improvement in 3 of the following 5 parameters: patient's globalassessment, physician's global assessment, patient's assessment of pain,degree of disability, and level of acute phase reactant. These criteriahave been expanded for 50% and 70% improvement in ACR50 and ACR70,respectively. Other criteria include Paulu's criteria and radiographicprogression (e.g. Sharp score).

In some embodiments, therapeutic benefit in patients suffering from RAis achieved when the patient exhibits an ACR20. In specific embodiments,ACR improvements of ACRC50 or even ACR70 may be achieved.

Additional diseases or disorders that can be treated and/or preventedusing compounds and compositions of the present invention includespondyloarthritis, including axial spondyloarthritis, such as ankylosingspondylitis, SoJIA, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune hepatobiliarydiseases, autoimmune ITP, cerebrovascular accident, myocardialinfarction, allergic diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,cardiac infarction, HIV-associated dementia, glaucoma, Friedreich'sataxia, Lewy body disease, spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy,polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, stroke, Fahr disease, Menke's disease,Wilson's disease, cerebral ischemia, prion disorder, destructive bonedisorders such as bone resorption disease, multiple myeloma-related bonedisorder; proliferative disorders such as acute myelogenous leukemia,

chronic myelogenous leukemia; angiogenic disorders such as angiogenicdisorders including solid tumors, ocular neovasculization, and infantilehaemangiomas; infectious diseases such as sepsis, septic shock, andShigellosis; neurodegenerative diseases such as metastatic melanoma, HIVinfection and CMV retinitis, fibrotic conditions such as, nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis and cardiac conditions such as, ischemia reperfusion;allergies, adult respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, glomerulonephriti, erythematosis, chronicthyroiditis, Graves' disease, autoimmune gastritis, autoimmuneneutropenia, thrombocytopenia, graft versus host disease, inflammatoryreaction induced by endotoxin, tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, muscledegeneration, cachexia, Reiter's syndrome, rubella arthritis, acutesynovitis, pancreatic β-cell disease; diseases characterized by massiveneutrophil infiltration; rheumatoid spondylitis, gouty arthritis andother arthritic conditions, cerebral malaria, chronic pulmonaryinflammatory disease, silicosis, pulmonary sarcoisosis, allograftrejections, fever and myalgias due to infection, meloid formation, scartissue formation, ulcerative colitis, pyresis, influenza, chronicmyelogenous leukemia; angiogenic disorders including solid tumors; viraldiseases including acute hepatitis infection (including hepatitis A,hepatitis B and hepatitis C), AIDS, ARC or malignancy,herpes; stroke, myocardial ischemia, ischemia in stroke heart attacks,organ hyposia, vascular hyperplasia, cardiac and renal reperfusioninjury, cardiac hypertrophy, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation,endotoxemia and/or toxic shock syndrome, conditions associated withprostaglandin endoperoxidase syndase-2, pemphigus vulgaris, ischemiareperfusion injury, including cerebral ischemia reperfusions injuryarising from stroke, cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury arising frommyocardial infarction, multiple system atrophy, Parkinson-plussyndromes, frontotemporal dementia, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebralhemorrhage, progressive muscularatrophy, pseudobulbar palsy, progressive bulbar palsy, spinal muscularatrophy, inherited muscular atrophy, peripheral neuropathies,progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, demyelinatingdiseases, spondylarthritis, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis(SoJIA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome,anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC),renal transplant, surgery, acute kidney injury (AKI), systemicinflammatory responsesyndrome (SIRS), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), pulmonary sarcoidosis,interleukin-1 converting enzyme (ICE, also known as caspase-1)associated fever syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),periodontitis, NEMO-deficiency syndrome (F-kappa-B essential modulatorgene (also known as IKK gamma or IKKG) deficiency syndrome),hematological and solid organ malignancies, Lysosomal storage diseases,glaucoma, spondyloarthritis, retinal degenerative disease, retinalischemia/reperfusion injury, renal ischemia reperfusion injury, anthraxlethal toxin induced septic shock, cell death induced by LPS, infectiousencephalopathy, encephalitis, autoimmune uveoretinitis, giant cellarteritis, regional enteritis, granulomatous enteritis,distal ileitis, regional ileitis, terminal ileitis, insulin-dependentdiabetes mellitus, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, macularedema, diabetic retinopathy, central areolar choroidal dystrophy, BESTdisease, adult vitelliform disease, pattern dystrophy, myopicdegeneration, central serous retinopathy, Stargardt's disease, Cone-Roddystrophy, North Carolina dystrophy, infectious retinitis, inflammatoryretinitis, uveitis, toxic retinitis and light-induced toxicity, macularedema, diabetic retinopathy, central areolar choroidal dystrophy, BESTdisease, adult vitelliform disease, pattern dystrophy, optic nerveinjury, optic neuritis, optic neuropathies, diabetic retinopathy,central retinal artery occlusion, ischemic optic neuropathy (e.g.,arteritic or non-arteritic anterior ischemic neuropathy and posteriorischemic optic neuropathy), compressive optic neuropathy, infiltrativeoptic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, mitochondrial opticneuropathy (e.g., Leber's optic neuropathy), nutritional opticneuropathy, toxic optic neuropathy and hereditary optic neuropathy,Dominant Optic Atrophy, Behr's syndrome, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease),progressive supranuclear palsy, hereditary spastic paresis, subarachnoidhemorrhage, perinatal brain injury, subclinical brain injury, spinalcord injury, anoxic-ischemic brain injury, focal cerebral ischemia,global cerebral ischemia, and hypoxic hypoxia, peritoneal damage causedby peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) and PD-related side effects,glomerular diseases, tubulointerstitial diseases, obstruction,polycystic kidney disease), focal glomerulosclerosis, immune complexnephropathy, hepatocellular cancer, pancreatic cancer, urologicalcancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer,prostate cancer, renal cancer, thyroid cancer, gall bladder cancer,peritoneal cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer,endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer,neuroendocrine cancer, CNS cancer, brain tumors (e.g., glioma,anaplasticoligodendroglioma, adult glioblastoma multiforme, and adult anaplasticastrocytoma), bone cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, retinoblastomas,neuroblastomas, peritoneal effusions, malignant pleural effusions,mesotheliomas, Wilms tumors, trophoblastic neoplasms,hemangiopericytomas, myxoid carcinoma, round cell carcinoma, squamouscell carcinomas, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, oral carcinomas,vulval cancer, cancers of the adrenal cortex, ACTH producing tumors,lymphoma, and leukemia, respiratory infectious viruses, such asinfluenza virus, rhino virus, corona virus, parainfluenza virus, RSvirus, adeno virus, reo virus and the like), herpes zoster caused byherpes virus, diarrhea caused by rotavirus, viral hepatitis, AIDS,bacterial infectious diseases, such as Bacillus cereus, Vibrioparahaemolyticus, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, MRS A, Salmonella, Botulinus, Candida, Paget's disease,achondroplasia, osteochodrytis, hyperparathyroidism, osteogenesisimperfecta, congenital hypophosphatasia, fribromatous lesions, fibrousdisplasia, bone turnover, osteolytic bone disease, periodontal disease,treating post-traumatic bone surgery, treating post-prosthetic jointsurgery, treating post-plastic bone surgery, treating post-dentalsurgery, bone chemotherapy treatment or bone radiotherapy treatment,bone cancer, fragile plaque, disorder, occlusive disorder, stenosis,coronary artery disorders, peripheral arterial disorders, arterialocclusion, aneurysm formation, post-traumatic aneurysm formation,restenosis, post-operative graft occlusion, autoimmune idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpura (autoimmune ITP), membranous nephritis,autoimmune thyroiditis, cold and warm agglutinin diseases, Evan'ssyndrome, hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(HUS/TTP), and pemphigus vulgaris.

B. Combinations of Therapeutic Agents

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the conditionsdescribed above for treatment with the presently disclosed RIP1Kinhibitors may benefit from treatment with one or more additionaltherapeutic agent in combination with a RIP1K inhibitor. Indeed, theRIP1K inhibitor compounds described herein may be used alone, incombination with one another, in separate pharmaceutical compositions,together in a single pharmaceutical composition, or as an adjunct to, orin combination with, other established therapies. The compound orcompounds or composition comprising the compound (or compounds) may beadministered once, or in plural administrations. In some embodiments,the compounds of the present invention may be used in combination withother therapeutic agents useful for the disorder or condition beingtreated. These other therapeutic agents may be administeredsimultaneously, sequentially in any order, by the same route ofadministration, or by a different route as the presently disclosedcompounds. For sequential administration, the compound(s) and thetherapeutic agent(s) may be administered such that an effective timeperiod of at least one compound and the therapeutic agent overlaps withan effective time period of at least one other compound and/ortherapeutic agent. In an exemplary embodiment of a combinationcomprising four components, the effective time period of the firstcomponent administered may overlap with the effective time periods ofthe second, third and fourth components, but the effective time periodsof the second, third and fourth components independently may or may notoverlap with one another. In another exemplary embodiment of acombination comprising four components, the effective time period of thefirst component administered overlaps with the effective time period ofthe second component, but not that of the third or fourth; the effectivetime period of the second component overlaps with those of the first andthird components; and the effective time period of the fourth componentoverlaps with that of the third component only. In some embodiments, theeffective time periods of all compounds and/or therapeutic agentsoverlap with each other.

In some embodiments, the compounds are administered with anothertherapeutic agent, such as an analgesic, an antibiotic, ananticoagulant, an antibody, an anti-inflammatory agent, animmunosuppressant, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, an intestinalsecretagogue, an antiviral, anticancer, antifungal, or a combinationthereof. The anti-inflammatory agent may be a steroid or a nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory agent. In certain embodiments, the nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory agent is selected from aminosalicylates,cyclooxygenase inhibitors, diclofenac, etodolac, famotidine, fenoprofen,flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, ibuprofen, indomethacin,meclofenamate, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, nambumetone, naproxen,oxaprozin, piroxicam, salsalate, sulindac, tolmetin, or a combinationthereof. In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant is mercaptopurine, acorticosteroid, an alkylating agent, a calcineurin inhibitor, an inosinemonophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, antilymphocyte globulin,antithymocyte globulin, an anti-T-cell antibody, or a combinationthereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is infliximab.

A compound described herein may be administered in combination withother anti-inflammatory or immune modulating agents for any of theindications above, including oral or topical corticosteroids, anti-TNFagents, 5-aminosalicyclic acid and mesalamine preparations,hydroxycloroquine, thiopurines, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide,cyclosporine, calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolic acid, mTORinhibitors, JAK inhibitors, Syk inhibitors, anti-inflammatory biologicagents, including anti-IL6 biologies, anti-IL1 agents, anti-IL17biologies, anti-CD22, anti-integrin agents, anti-IFNa, anti-CD20 or CD4biologies and other cytokine inhibitors or biologies to T-cell or B-cellreceptors or interleukins.

Particularly in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis the present RIP1Kinhibitors are useful in combination with ibuprofen, naproxen,prednisone, methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine,sulfasalazine, abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra, baracitinib,certolizumab, etanercept, fostamatinib, golimumab, infliximab,rituximab, tocilizumab and tofacitinib.

In some embodiments, the present compounds may be used with anti-canceror cytotoxic agents. Various classes of anti-cancer and anti-neoplasticcompounds include, but are not limited to, alkylating agents,antimetabolites, BCL-2 inhibitors, vinca alkyloids, taxanes,antibiotics, enzymes, cytokines, platinum coordination complexes,proteasome inhibitors, substituted ureas, kinase inhibitors, hormonesand hormone antagonists, and hypomethylating agents, for example DNMTinhibitors, such as azacitidine and decitabine. Exemplary alkylatingagents include, without limitation, mechlorothamine, cyclophosphamide,ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, ethyleneimines, methylmelamines,alkyl sulfonates (e.g., busulfan), and carmustine. Exemplaryantimetabolites include, by way of example and not limitation, folicacid analog methotrexate; pyrmidine analog fluorouracil, cytosinearbinoside; purine analogs mercaptopurine, thioguanine, andazathioprine. Exemplary vinca alkyloids include, by way of example andnot limitation, vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel, and colchicine.Exemplary antibiotics include, by way of example and not limitation,actinomycin D, daunorubicin, and bleomycin. An exemplary enzymeeffective as an anti-neoplastic agent includes L-asparaginase. Exemplarycoordination compounds include, by way of example and not limitation,cisplatin and carboplatin. Exemplary hormones and hormone relatedcompounds include, by way of example and not limitation,adrenocorticosteroids prednisone and dexamethasone; aromatase inhibitorsamino glutethimide, formestane, and anastrozole; progestin compoundshydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone; and anti-estrogencompound tamoxifen.

In one aspect, the present compounds are useful in blocking a cytokineresponse. Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines can result in a“cytokine storm,” during which

inflammation spreads throughout the body via the circulation. Thesecytokines include interferons, interleukins, chemokines,colony-stimulating factors, and tumor necrosis factors and that areproduced in an immune response. Overproduction of these cytokines canresult in a condition has been referred to as Cytokine Response Syndromeor CRS. The present compounds can be used inhibit production ofcytokines and thus ameliorate their destructive effects in CRS. CRS canoccur during treatment with therapies wherein the cells expressrecombinant receptors, such as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and/orother transgenic receptors such as T cell receptors (TCRs). Accordingly,the present compounds are useful in combination with CAR-T therapy.Exemplary CAR-T therapies for use in combination with the presentcompounds include activated T cells; antibodies, including those thatactivate T cells; YESCARTA; and KYMRIAH are commercially availableexamples. CRS also can occur in response to serious bacterial and viralinfections. In particular on consequence of CRS in response to COVID-19is acute lung injury that can lead to severe lung damage that results ina condition known as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In one aspectthe present compounds are used in patients having or suspected of havingCOVID-19 to inhibit CRS. In this context the present compounds can beused in combination with anti-viral agents, such as remdesivir.Similarly the present compounds can be used in combination withantibiotics to modulate CRS associated with a bacterial infection.

These and other useful anti-cancer compounds are described in MerckIndex, 13th Ed. (O'Neil M. J. et al., ed.) Merck Publishing Group (2001)and Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12thEdition, Brunton L. L. ed., Chapters 60-63, McGraw Hill, (2011), both ofwhich are incorporated by reference herein.

Among the CTLA 4 antibodies that can be used in combination with thepresently disclosed inhibitors is ipilimumab, marketed as YERVOY® byBristol-Myers Squibb.

Other chemotherapeutic agents for combination include immunooncologyagents, such as checkpoint pathway inhibitors, for example, PD-1inhibitors, such as nivolumab and lambrolizumab, and PD-L1 inhibitors,such as pembrolizumab, MEDI-4736 and MPDL3280A/RG7446. Additionalcheckpoint inhibitors for combination with the compounds disclosedherein include, Anti-LAG-3 agents, such as BMS-986016 (MDX-1408).

Further chemotherapeutic agents for combination with the presentlydisclosed inhibitors include Anti-SLAMF7 agents, such as the humanizedmonoclonal antibody elotuzumab (BMS-901608), anti-KIR agents, such asthe anti-KIR monoclonal antibody lirilumab (BMS-986015), and anti-CD137agents, such as the fully human monoclonal antibody urelumab(BMS-663513).

The presently disclosed compounds also may be used advantageously withCAR-T therapies. Example of currently available CAR-T therapies areaxicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel.

Additional anti-proliferative compounds useful in combination with thecompounds of the present invention include, by way of example and notlimitation, antibodies directed against growth factor receptors (e.g.,anti-Her2); and cytokines such as interferon-α and interferon-γ,interleukin-2, and GM-CSF.

Additional chemotherapeutic agents useful in combination with thepresent compounds include proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib,carfilzomib, marizomib and the like.

Examples of kinase inhibitors that are useful in combination with thepresently disclosed compounds, particularly in treating malignanciesinclude: Btk inhibitors, such as ibrutinib; CDK inhibitors, such aspalbociclib; EGFR inhibitors, such as afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib,lapatinib, osimertinib and vandetinib; Mek inhibitors, such astrametinib; Raf inhibitors, such as dabrafenib, sorafenib andvemurafenib; VEGFR inhibitors, such as axitinib, lenvatinib, nintedanib,pazopanib; BCR-Abl inhibitors, such as bosutinib, dasatinib, imatiniband nilotinib; FLT-3 inhibitors, such as gilteritinib and quizartinib,PI3-kinase inhibitors, such as idelalisib, Syk inhibitors, such asfostamatinib; and JAK inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib and fedratinib.

In other embodiments, the second therapeutic agent may be selected fromany of the following:

analgesics-morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, oxycodone, codeine,acetaminophen, hydrocodone, buprenorphine, tramadol, venlafaxine,flupirtine, meperidine, pentazocine, dextromoramide, dipipanone;

antibiotics-aminoglycosides (e.g., amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin,neomycin, netilmicin, tobramycin, and paromycin), carbapenems (e.g.,ertapenem, doripenem, imipenem, cilastatin, and meropenem),cephalosporins (e.g., cefadroxil, cefazolin, cefalotin, cephalexin,cefaclor, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefixime,cefdinir, cefditoren, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime,ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, andcefobiprole), glycopeptides (e.g., teicoplanin, vancomycin, andtelavancin), lincosamides (e.g., clindamycin and incomysin),lipopeptides (e.g., daptomycin), macrolides (azithromycin,clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin,troleandomycin, telithromycin, and spectinomycin), monobactams (e.g.,aztreonam), nitrofurans (e.g., furazolidone and nitrofurantoin),penicilllins (e.g., amoxicillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, carbenicillin,cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, mezlocillin, methicillin,nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, penicillin V, piperacillin,temocillin, and ticarcillin), penicillin combinations (e.g.,amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam,and ticarcillin/clavulanate), polypeptides (e.g., bacitracin, colistin,and polymyxin B), quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, enoxacin,gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid,norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin, sparfloxacin, andtemafloxacin), sulfonamides (e.g., mafenide, sulfonamidochrysoidine,sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, silver sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole,sulfamethoxazole, sulfanilimide, sulfasalazine, sulfisoxazole,trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaxzole), tetracyclines (e.g.,demeclocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, andtetracycline), antimycobacterial compounds (e.g., clofazimine, dapsone,capreomycin, cycloserine, ethambutol, ethionamide, isoniazid,pyrazinamide, rifampicin (rifampin), rifabutin, rifapentine, andstreptomycin), and others, such as arsphenamine, chloramphenicol,fosfomycin, fusidic acid, linezolid, metronidazole, mupirocin,platensimycin, quinuprisin/dalfopristin, rifaximin, thiamphenicol,tigecycline, and timidazole;

antibodies-anti-TNF-α antibodies, e.g., infliximab (Remicade™),adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab; anti-B cell antibodies, e.g.,rituximab; anti-IL-6 antibodies, e.g., tocilizumab; anti-IL-1antibodies, e.g., anakinra; anti PD-1 and/or anti-PD-L1 antibodies, e.g.nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, AMP-224,MED14736; ixekizumab, brodalumab, ofatumumab, sirukumab, clenoliximab,clazakiumab, fezakinumab, fletikumab, mavrilimumab, ocrelizumab,sarilumab, secukinumab, toralizumab, zanolimumab;

anticoagulants-warfarin (Coumadin™), acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon,atromentin, phenindione, heparin, fondaparinux, idraparinux,rivaroxaban, apixaban, hirudin, lepirudin, bivalirudin, argatrobam,dabigatran, ximelagatran, batroxobin, hementin;

anti-inflammatory agents-steroids, e.g., budesonide, nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory agents, e.g., aminosalicylates (e.g., sulfasalazine,mesalamine, olsalazine, and balsalazide), cyclooxygenase inhibitors(COX-2 inhibitors, such as rofecoxib, celecoxib), diclofenac, etodolac,famotidine, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, ibuprofen,indomethacin, meclofenamate, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, nambumetone,naproxen, oxaprozin, piroxicam, salsalate, sulindac, tolmetin;

immunosuppressants-mercaptopurine, corticosteroids such asdexamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisone, methylprednisolone andprednisolone, alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, calcineurininhibitors such as cyclosporine, sirolimus and tacrolimus, inhibitors ofinosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) such as mycophenolate,mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine, and agents designed to suppresscellular immunity while leaving the recipient's humoral immunologicresponse intact, including various antibodies (for example,antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), antithymocyte globulin (ATG), monoclonalanti-T-cell antibodies (OKT3)) and irradiation. Azathioprine iscurrently available from Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. under the brandname Azasan; mercaptopurine is currently available from GatePharmaceuticals, Inc. under the brand name Purinethol; prednisone andprednisolone are currently available from Roxane Laboratories, Inc.;Methyl prednisolone is currently available from Pfizer; sirolimus(rapamycin) is currently available from Wyeth-Ayerst under the brandname Rapamune; tacrolimus is currently available from Fujisawa under thebrand name Prograf; cyclosporine is current available from Novartisunder the brand name Sandimmune and Abbott under the brand name Gengraf;IMPDH inhibitors such as mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid arecurrently available from Roche under the brand name Cellcept andNovartis under the brand name Myfortic; azathioprine is currentlyavailable from Glaxo Smith Kline under the brand name Imuran; andantibodies are currently available from Ortho Biotech under the brandname Orthoclone, Novartis under the brand name Simulect (basiliximab)and Roche under the brand name Zenapax (daclizumab); and

Guanylate cyclase-C receptor agonists or intestinal secretagogues, forexample linaclotide, sold under the name Linzess.

These various agents can be used in accordance with their standard orcommon dosages, as specified in the prescribing information accompanyingcommercially available forms of the drugs (see also, the prescribinginformation in the 2006 Edition of The Physician's Desk Reference), thedisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

IV. Methods for Making Compounds

The disclosed compounds can be prepared by any suitable method as willbe understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. An overview forassembly of the tricyclic core moieties of the present compounds isprovided in Scheme 1 below.

Scheme 2 provides another overview of methods for synthesizing RIP1Kinhibitory compounds disclosed herein.

Scheme 3 provides an overview of methods for functionalizing thetricyclic intermediates described herein. Such methods can be used tointroduce R¹ moieties, the B ring, and the R³, L and W groups describedherein.

One exemplary suitable method is provided below with reference tospecific compounds in the examples, is set forth in Scheme 4. Thisexample provides a general method for linking the tricyclic coremolecule (prepared as set forth in Scheme 1) to the B ring set forth inFormula I.

With reference to Scheme 4, a stirring mixture of amine/aminehydrochloride (1 eq), aryl/heteroaryl acid/salt (1.2 eq) and HATU(1.3-1.4 eq) in dry DMF (0.3-0.8 mL/0.1 mmol) was degassed under vacuumand back filled with argon. After three degassing cycles, i-Pr₂NEt (4-7eq) was added to the above stirring mixture at either 0° C. or roomtemperature and stirred till the consumption of amine. The reactionsolution was processed in one of the methods such as a) the usualextractive work-up with either EtOAc or CH₂Cl₂, after diluting withice-water (b) usual work-up after reaction solution concentration todryness or c) crude concentrate was diluted with ice-water, sonicated,allowed the slurry warm to room temperature and filtered to obtain crudegrey/dark solid after suction drying. Purification of the crude materialfrom any of the processing methods by either normal phase silica gel orreverse phase chromatography provided the respective amide compounds.(Yield: 31-82%).

With reference to Schemes 1, 2, 3 and 4, the variables X, Y¹, Y², Y³ andZ are as hereinbefore described; Pisa protecting group as is known tothose of skill in the art and as further exemplified herein. R is one ormore of any suitable substituent as is known to those of skill in theart, such an R¹ moiety described herein or a precursor thereto.

Scheme 5 describes a method for halogenating certain intermediatecompounds to produce RIP1K inhibitors described herein.

With reference to Scheme 5, a mixture of5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin core (0.1 mmol),A-chlorosuccinimide (0.11 mmol) and dry acetonitrile (1 mL/0.1 mmol))was stirred at 50° C. overnight, diluted with water and filtered. Thesolid on the funnel upon drying dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ and loaded onto asilica gel column. Flash silica gel column chromatographic purificationprovided dichloro-substituted compound (fast eluting) andmonochloro-substituted compound (slow eluting) respectively.

The following compounds were synthesized using the methods disclosedherein and those known to those of ordinary skill in the art of organicsynthesis and medicinal chemistry.

I-1(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.94 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.17 (m,9H), 7.11 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 5.32-5.21 (m, 1H), 4.11 (s,2H), 2.76-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.22 (td, J=11.7, 7.6 Hz,1H). LCMS: Purity 95%, MS (m/e) 385 (M+H)⁺.

I-2(±)-N-(5,6-Dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-4-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 9.44 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.93 (d, J=5.3Hz, 1H), 8.25-8.16 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.50 (m, 3H),7.44-7.29 (m, 4H), 7.23 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 5.22(dt, J=10.2, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.19-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.74 (ddd, J=14.0, 6.7, 2.0Hz, 1H), 2.64 (td, J=13.1, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.27-2.14 (m, 1H). LCMS: Purity99%, MS (m/e) 382 (M+H)⁺.

I-6(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.69 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H),7.44-7.30 (m, 6H), 7.28-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.17 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.15 (appq, J=17.7 Hz, 2H), 5.10 (dt, J=10.4, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (tt, J=12.6, 7.2Hz, 1H), 2.82-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.16 (m, 1H). LCMS: Purity 98%, MS(m/e) 454 (M+H)⁺.

I-7(±)-1-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.44 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H),7.46-7.27 (m, 7H), 7.20 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 5.71(s, 2H), 5.15 (dt, J=10.5, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.10-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.56 (m,2H), 2.17 (app td, J=11.1, 7.2 Hz, 1H). LCMS: Purity 98%, MS (m/e) 454(M+H)⁺.

I-9(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.10 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.25 (m,8H), 7.25-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H),6.33 (t, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (dt, J=10.3, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s, 2H),2.97 (tdd, J=12.7, 7.8, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (ddd, J=14.0, 6.8, 1.8 Hz,1H), 2.60 (td, J=13.2, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.09 (m, 1H). LCMS: Purity 98%,MS (m/e) 385 (M+H)⁺.

I-14(±)-N-(5,6-Dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

LCMS: Purity 98%, MS (m/e) 403(M+H)⁺.

I-19(±)-5-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.03 (br s, 1H), 7.44-7.29 (m, 6H),7.19-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 5.14 (dt, J=10.7, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (s,2H), 2.87-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.57 (app td, J=13.2, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.22 (m,1H). LCMS: Purity 98%, MS (m/e) 454 (M+H)⁺.

I-27(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(6,7-dihydrobenzo[b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-7-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.93 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.16 (m,8H), 7.00 (t, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 2H), 5.66 (s, 2H), 5.62(ddd, J=9.1, 6.7, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (dd, J=10.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (dd,J=10.8, 6.8 Hz, 1H). LCMS: Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 455 (M+H)⁺.

I-29(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-d]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.38 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H),7.43 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J=8.9, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.27(d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J=3.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H),6.52 (dd, J=4.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (dd, J=4.0, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (s,2H), 5.22 (ddd, J=10.2, 7.9, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (dd, J=11.4, 6.7 Hz, 1H),2.76 (dd, J=11.4, 10.2 Hz, 1H). LCMS: Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 461 (M+H)⁺.

I-34(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(6,7-dihydrobenzo[b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-7-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 11.86 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.35 (m, 2H),7.34-7.18 (m, 8H), 7.02 (t, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.33-6.26 (app m, 2H), 5.58(dt, J=8.9, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J=10.9, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (dd,J=10.9, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (s, 2H). LCMS: Purity 96%, MS (m/e) 386(M+H)⁺.

I-35(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.41 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=0.7Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.20 (m, 7H), 6.90 (q, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (app s, 2H),5.09 (dt, J=10.4, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (tt, J=12.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.72-2.54(m, 2H), 2.30 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 3H), 2.18-2.05 (m, 1H). LCMS: Purity 95%, MS(m/e) 468 (M+H)⁺.

I-36(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(1-oxo-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=8.0, 1.4 Hz,1H), 7.53-7.34 (m, 7H), 5.79 (s, 2H), 4.89 (dd, J=10.3, 8.0 Hz, 1H),2.89-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.25 (m, 1H). Purity 95%, MS(m/e) 471 (M+H)⁺.

I-37(±)-N-(6,7-Dihydrobenzo[b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-7-yl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 13.40 (br s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=9.0 Hz,1H), 7.44-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.6, 5.4 Hz, 2H),7.02 (dd, J=2.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.32-6.23 (m, 2H),5.55 (dt, J=9.0, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (dd, J=10.9, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (dd,J=10.9, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ−115.74. Purity 98%, MS (m/e) 404 (M+H)⁺.

I-38(±)-N-(6,7-Dihydrobenzo[b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-7-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.06 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.32 (m,3H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.01 (t,J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (app d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H), 5.63 (ddd, J=9.1, 6.9, 6.0Hz, 1H), 5.41 (app d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.68 (dd, J=10.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35(dd, J=10.8, 6.9 Hz, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ−118.06-−118.09 (m). Purity 97%, MS (m/e) 404 (M+H)⁺.

I-39(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-((4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.10-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=1.6 Hz,1H), 7.44-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.33-7.19 (m, 5H), 7.03 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H),6.85-6.80 (m, 2H), 5.03 (dd, J=10.6, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (s, 2H), 3.62(app q, J=17.3 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (app t, J=5.2 Hz, 4H), 2.82-2.74 (m, 1H),2.74-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.59 (app t, J=5.2 Hz, 4H), 2.56-2.47 (m, 1H),2.37-2.32 9 (m, 1H). Purity 96%, MS (m/e) 560 (M+H)⁺.

I-40(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.50-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H),7.33-7.17 (m, 5H), 6.77 (q, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (dd, J=11.2, 7.5 Hz,1H), 4.14 (s, 2H), 2.73 (dd, J=13.4, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 2.63-2.53 (m, 1H),2.43-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.22 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 3H). Purity95%, MS (m/e) 399 (M+H)⁺.

I-44(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.49-8.42 (app m, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H),7.44-7.26 (m, 6H), 7.24-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.85 (t, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (s,2H), 5.06-4.95 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.44(m, 1H), 2.23 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 3H), 2.10-1.97 (m, 1H). Purity 92%, MS (m/e)468 (M+H)⁺.

I-45(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-d]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.20 (m, 6H), 7.18(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J=3.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.50 (dd,J=4.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (dd, J=4.0, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (q, J=9.1 Hz,1H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 3.74 (dd, J=11.3, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (t, J=11.2 Hz,1H). Purity 96%, MS (m/e) 392 (M+H)⁺.

I-47(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(9-((4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.44 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 8.28-8.21 (m,2H), 7.93 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=8.0, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.24 (m,4H), 7.19 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.67-6.60 (m, 2H),5.70 (s, 2H), 5.15 (dt, J=10.5, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.63-3.50 (m, 2H),3.39-3.31 (m, 4H), 3.07-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.68 (dd, J=13.9, 6.4 Hz, 1H),2.62-2.52 (m, 5H), 2.12-2.08 (m, 1H). Purity 97%, MS (m/e) 629 (M+H)⁺.

R955314(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(1-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H,4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.58 (dd, J=7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.36(m, 3H), 7.36-7.16 (m, 5H), 4.94 (dd, J=10.4, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H),2.91-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.32 (m, 1H). Purity 93%, MS(m/e) 403 (M+H)⁺.

I-51(±)-N-(5,6-Dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 9.21 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (dd,J=5.6, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.26 (m, 5H), 7.25-7.19(m, 2H), 7.18 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.03 (m,2H), 6.93 (dd, J=5.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (dt, J=10.5, 7.7 Hz, 1H),3.01-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.11 (m, 1H). Purity 94%, MS(m/e) 397 (M+H)⁺.

I-52(±)-N-(1-Oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H,4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.53 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=5.6Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=7.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.30(m, 5H), 7.24 (app dt, 7=14.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.95 (dd,J=5.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (dt, J=9.8, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 2.91-2.80 (m, 2H),2.80-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.12 (m, 1H). Purity 95%, MS (m/e) 415 (M+H)⁺.

I-54(±)-N-(6,7-Dihydrobenzo[b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-7-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.38-8.29 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.61 (m, 1H),7.46-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.29-7.18 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.02 (m, 2H), 7.00 (t, J=2.3Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J=5.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.32-6.25 (m, 2H), 5.54 (ddd,J=9.2, 7.3, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (dd, J=10.7, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (dd,J=10.7, 7.3 Hz, 1H). Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 398 (M+H)⁺.

I-55(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.49 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.36 (m,3H), 7.34-7.19 (m, 5H), 7.03 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (dd, J=10.7, 7.5Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 2.84-2.76 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.48(m, 1H), 2.38-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.55 (s, 6H). Purity 96%, MS (m/e) 467(M+H)⁺.

I-56(±)-N-(9-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-477-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.49 (dd, J=5.6, 0.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.37(m, 7H), 7.29 (ddt, J=7.9, 7.0, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.09 (m, 2H),7.13-7.02 (m, 2H), 5.02 (dd, J=10.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.84-2.66 (m, 2H),2.60-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.55 (s, 6H). Purity 97%, MS (m/e)479 (M+H)⁺.

I-57(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.84 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.38 (m, 4H),7.38-7.08 (m, 5H), 5.13 (dd, J=10.6, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H),2.90-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.37 (m,1H). Purity 90%, MS (m/e) 386 (M+H)⁺.

I-58(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.43(m, 6H), 7.47-7.35 (m, 1H), 5.78 (s, 2H), 5.13 (dd, J=10.5, 7.9 Hz, 1H),2.85 (ddd, J=13.6, 5.9, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.77-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.52 (m,1H), 2.49-2.36 (m, 1H). Purity 91%, MS (m/e) 455 (M+H)⁺.

I-59(±)-N-(5,6-Dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H),7.58-7.41 (m, 7H), 7.33-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 2H), 7.07 (dd,J=5.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J=10.3, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (ddd, J=13.5,6.2, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 2.82-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.36 (m,1H). Purity 90%, MS (m/e) 398 (M+H)⁺.

I-60(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.60 (dt, J=7.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.25 (m, 6H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 5.08 (dt,J=10.2, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.71 (m, 2H),2.12-2.00 (m, 1H). Purity 96%, MS (m/e) 485 (M+H)⁺.

I-61(±)-N-(9-(3-Oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.41 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=0.6Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=8.0, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J=8.9, 7.1 Hz, 1H),7.22-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J=8.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H),6.80 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 5.14 (dt, J=10.4, 7.7 Hz, 1H),3.72-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.19 (dd, J=7.0, 4.6 Hz, 4H), 3.02-2.87 (m, 1H),2.63-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.48 (td, J=13.3, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.12-2.00 (m, 1H),1.74-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.59-1.51 (m, 4H). Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 607 (M+H)⁺.

I-62(±)-N-(9-(3-Oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 9.19 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (dd,J=5.6, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.18 (m,2H), 7.15 (dd, J=15.9, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.93 (dd, J=5.6,2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J=8.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.09(dt, J=10.5, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.72-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.23-3.14 (m, 4H),2.97-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.67 (m,4H), 1.57-1.53 (m, 4H). Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 550 (M+H)⁺.

I-63(±)-1-Benzyl-N-(5,6-Dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H),8.01 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.31 (m, 7H), 7.31-7.25 (m, 2H), 5.38 (s, 2H), 5.30(dt, J=10.4, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.10-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.67 (m, 1H),2.67-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.11 (m, 1H). Purity 98%, MS (m/e) 386 (M+H)⁺.

I-64(±)-N-(9-(3-Oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-5-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.02 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.26 (m,1H), 7.30-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.11(d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90-6.80 (m, 2H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 5.31-5.17 (m, 1H),4.10 (s, 2H), 3.73-3.66 (m, 5H), 3.24-3.17 (m, 5H), 2.74-2.55 (m, 2H),2.50-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.52 (m,4H). NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.41 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.20 (m,6H), 7.05-6.95 (m, 3H), 5.05 (dd, J=10.4, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H),3.73-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.28-3.20 (m, 4H), 2.73-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.36 (m,1H), 2.32-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.60-1.53 (m, 4H). Purity99%, MS (m/e) 538 (M+H)⁺.

I-65(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(1-oxo-9-(3-oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)-5,6-dihydro-1H,4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 11.13 (br s, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.9 Hz,1H), 7.38-7.24 (m, 5H), 7.15 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H),6.87 (dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (q, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H),3.72-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.20 (app dd, J=7.3, 4.6 Hz, 4H), 2.76-2.59 (m, 3H),2.20-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.52 (m, 4H). Purity 94%, MS(m/e) 556 (M+H)⁺.

I-66(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]quinolin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.77 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.54 (m,1H), 7.42-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.17 (m, 6H), 7.10 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.54(dd, J=9.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 3.35-2.87 (app m, 2H). Purity95%, MS (m/e) 371 (M+H)⁺.

I-67(±)-N-(4,5-Dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]quinolin-4-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.43 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 2H),7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.23 (td, J=7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H),7.17-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.09 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J=5.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H),5.48 (dd, J=9.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.38-3.24 (app m, 2H). Purity 96%, MS(m/e) 383 (M+H)⁺.

I-68(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.97 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.27 (m,1H), 7.26 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 4H), 7.17-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.11(d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 5.28-5.20 (app m, 1H), 4.10 (s, 2H),2.80-2.62 (m, 5H), 2.54-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.77 (m,2H), 1.31 (s, 6H). Purity 93%, MS (m/e) 471 (M+H)⁺.

I-72(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H),7.49 (s, 2H), 7.36-7.20 (m, 5H), 5.15 (dd, J=10.5, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (s,2H), 2.92-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.38(m, 1H), 1.56 (s, 6H). Purity 98%, MS (m/e) 468 (M+H)⁺.

I-77(±)-N-(9-(3-Oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1-benzyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.11 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.28 (m,4H), 7.24 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.15 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H),6.88 (dd, J=8.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J=2.3 Hz,1H), 5.32 (app q, J=17.3 Hz, 2H), 5.17 (dt, J=10.5, 7.8 Hz, 1H),3.74-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.24-3.17 (m, 4H), 2.96-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.56 (m,1H), 2.43-2.45 (app m, 1H), 2.21-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.68 (m, 4H),1.60-1.53 (m, 4H). Purity 95%, MS (m/e) 537 (M+H)⁺.

I-82(S)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.50 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.40 (m,3H), 7.35-7.21 (m, 5H), 7.05 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (dd, J=10.7, 7.5Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.48(m, 1H), 2.40-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.56 (s, 6H). Purity 97%, MS (m/e) 467(M+H)⁺.

I-83(S)—N-(9-(3-Oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-5-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.41 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.18 (m,6H), 7.03 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02-6.97 (m, 2H), 5.12-5.01 (app m, 1H),4.16 (s, 2H), 3.75-3.64 (m, 4H), 3.27-3.20 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.55 (m, 2H),2.55-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.65-1.49 (m,4H). Purity 95%, MS (m/e) 538 (M+H)⁺.

I-84(±)-N-(9-(7-Oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-5-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.39 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.18 (m,6H), 7.02 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (dd, J=8.2,2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (dd, J=10.5, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 3.75-3.57 (m,8H), 2.72-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.76(m, 4H). Purity 97%, MS (m/e) 510 (M+H)⁺.

I-85(±)-N-(9-(7-Oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1-benzyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide

H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.70 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.21 (m, 6H), 7.12 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=2.4 Hz,1H), 6.55 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (dd, J=8.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.40 (s, 2H),5.09 (dd, J=10.3, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.61 (m, 8H), 2.72-2.55 (m, 2H),2.50-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.78 (m, 4H). Purity 96%, MS(m/e) 509 (M+H)⁺.

I-86(S)—N-(9-(7-Oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-5-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.38 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.20 (m,6H), 7.02 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (dd, J=8.2,2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (dd, J=10.5, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 3.73-3.61 (m,8H), 2.71-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.84 (appt, J=5.3 Hz, 4H). Purity 96%, MS (m/e) 510 (M+H)⁺.

R955395(R)—N-(9-(7-Oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-5-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.50 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.19 (m,5H), 7.14 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=2.7 Hz,1H), 6.48 (dd, J=8.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (dd, J=9.5, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.60(dd, J=10.6, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (dd, J=10.5, 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H),3.73-3.64 (m, 8H), 1.88-1.80 (m, 4H). Purity 98%, MS (m/e) 512 (M+H)⁺.

I-88(R)—N-(9-(7-Oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 9.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=5.6Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.22 (m, 2H),7.19 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.96 (dd,J=5.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (app dd, J=6.7, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 5.43 (dt, J=9.8,7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (dd, J=10.1, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (t, J=10.0 Hz, 1H),3.72-3.63 (m, 8H), 1.34-1.20 (m, 4H). Purity 97%, MS (m/e) 524 (M+H)⁺.

I-89(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(pyridin-2-ylethynyl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.72 (dd, J=2.1, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (dd,J=5.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (dt, J=7.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=1.9 Hz,1H), 7.65 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J=8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (ddd,J=7.9, 5.0, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.19 (m, 6H), 7.13 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.60(dd, J=8.8, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (dd, J=11.0, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (dd,J=11.0, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H). Purity 96%, MS (m/e) 488 (M+H)⁺.

I-90(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d,J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.21 (m, 6H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 5.61-5.51 (app m, 1H),4.67 (app t, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (app t, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H),1.56 (s, 6H). Purity 92%, MS (m/e) 469 (M+H)⁺.

I-93(±)-4-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Dichloromethane-d₂) δ 8.31 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (q,J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.25 (d, J=1.5Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.03-6.94 (m, 2H),4.87 (dt, J=10.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.04-2.85 (m, 1H),2.81-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.62-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.08 (s, 1H),1.59 (s, 6H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, Dichloromethane-d₂) 5-117.81-−117.88(ddd, J=14.2, 8.9, 5.4 Hz). Purity 92%, MS (m/e) 484 (M+H)⁺.

Chromatographic Separation of Enantiomers:

The compounds disclosed herein can be synthesized in racemic or inenantiomerically enriched form as taught herein to those of ordinaryskill in the art of organic synthesis. Racemic mixtures of the compoundsdisclosed herein can be separated into their constituent enantiomersusing the following chiral chromatography procedures and adaptationsthereof as known to those ordinary skill in the art.

I-4(S)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamideand I-5(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

Chiral separation of(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidewas performed on Thar SFC instrument, fitted with a Chiracel AD-H, 10micron, 10×250 mm column. Mobile phase was 18% methanol (0.1% DEA) and82% CO₂ total flow rate was 12 mL/minute. Total elution time forenantiomer separation was 14.3 minutes. A total of sixty one 50 μLinjections were made at a sample concentration of 11 mg/mL (in methanol)using injection stacking with a cycle time of 4.8 minutes and 0.3 minspacing. Samples were collected by monitoring UV adsorption at 214 nm.Peak-1 (a fast eluting peak) corresponds to(S)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidewhereas the Peak-2 (slow eluting peak) corresponds to(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide.The solid obtained after concentrating the mixed fractions of eachenantiomer dissolved in 5% MeOH/EtOAc and passed through EtOAcconditioned silica gel. The concentrate of the filtrate dissolved inacetonitrile/water and lyophilized. Enantiomer enrichment was measuredby analytical method on the same instrument using Chiralcel-IA-H, 5micron, 4.6×250 mm with 20% Methanol (0.1% DEA) 80% CO₂ as mobile phaseeluting at the flow rate of 3.0 mL/min by 15 μL injection having theconcentration of 1 mg/mL at the detector UV wavelength of 214 nm. I-4(S)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide(white solid). 98.5% ee. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.60 (d, J=9.0Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.34 (m, 3H), 7.28 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H),7.29-7.17 (m, 4H), 7.10 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 5.30 (q, J=9.5Hz, 1H), 4.16 (app q, J=16.1 Hz, 2H), 2.84-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.49 (m,1H), 2.28 (td, J=11.4, 10.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H). LCMS: Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 385(M+H)⁺. I-5(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide(white solid). 98.8% ee. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.59 (d, J=9.0Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.21 (m, 5H), 7.10(d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 5.36-5.15 (m, 1H), 4.16 (app q, J=16.0Hz, 2H), 2.88-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.27 (td, J=11.4, 11.0,7.0 Hz, 1H). LCMS: Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 385 (M+H)⁺.

I-12(R)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamideand I-13(S)-1-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

Chiral separation of(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidewas performed on Thar SFC instrument, fitted with a Chiralcel OJ-H, 10micron, 10×250 mm column. Mobile phase is 27% isopropyl alcohol (0.1%DEA) and 73% CO₂ total flow rate is 10.0 mL/minute. Total elution timefor enantiomer separation is 12 minutes. A total of sixty one 40 μLinjections were made at a sample concentration of 25 mg/mL (in methanol)using injection stacking with a cycle time of five minutes and 0.25minute spacing. Samples were collected by monitoring UV adsorption at214 nm. Peak-1 (a fast eluting peak) corresponds to(R)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidewhereas the Peak-2 (slow eluting peak) corresponds to(S)-1-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide.The solid obtained after concentrating the mixed fractions of eachenantiomer was dissolved in EtOAc and passed through EtOAc conditionedsilica gel. The concentrate of the filtrate upon dissolving inacetonitrile/water subjected to lyophilization process. Enantiomericenrichment was measured by analytical method on the same instrumentusing Chiralcel-OJ-H, 5 micron, 4.6×250 mm with 27% isopropyl alcohol(0.1% DEA) 73% C02 as mobile phase eluting at the flow rate of 3.0mL/min by 10 μL injection having the concentration of 1 mg/mL at thedetector UV wavelength of 214 nm. I-12:(R)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide(white solid). 98.9% ee. NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.45 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.26 (m, 7H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H),5.71 (s, 2H), 5.14 (q, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.11-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.70 (dd,J=13.7, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.60 (td, J=13.2, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 1H).LCMS: Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 454 (M+H)⁺. I-13:(S)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide(white solid). 99.6% ee. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.47 (d, J=7.7Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.27 (m, 5H), 7.19 (d,J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (s, 2H), 5.15 (dt, J=10.5,7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.10-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.11 (m, 1H).LCMS: Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 454 (M+H)⁺.

I-91(S)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamideand I-92(S)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

performed on Thar SFC instrument, fitted with Chiralcel OJ-H, 10 micron,10×250 mm column. Mobile phase is 18% methanol (0.1% DEA) 82% CO₂ totalflow rate is 10.0 mL/minute. Total elution time for enantiomerseparation 11.3 minutes. A total of forty 50 μL injections were made ata sample concentration of 17 mg/mL (in methanol) using injectionstacking with a cycle time of 2.9 minutes and 0.3 minute spacing.Samples were collected by monitoring UV adsorption at 214 nm. Peak-1 (afast eluting peak) corresponds to(S)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidewhereas the Peak-2 (slow eluting peak) corresponds to(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide.The solid that was obtained after concentrating the mixed fractions ofeach enantiomer dissolved in minimum amount of acetonitrile and dilutedwith water. The precipitous suspension was suction filtered, and thuscollected solid dried to provide the respective compounds. Enantiomerenrichment was measured by analytical method on the same instrumentusing Chiralcel-OJ-H, 5 micron, 4.6×250 mm with 18% methanol (0.1% DEA)82% CO₂ as mobile phase eluting at the flow rate of 3.0 mL/min by 10 μLinjection having the concentration of 1 mg/mL at the detector ETVwavelength of 214 nm. I-91:(S)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide(white solid). 99.7% ee. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.67 (d, J=1.9Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.18(m, 6H), 7.10 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (dd, J=9.0, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (dd,J=11.0, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (dd, J=10.9, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 1.56(s, 6H). Purity 99%, MS (m/e) 469 (M+H)⁺. I-92:(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide(white solid). 99.7% ee. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.67 (d, J=1.9Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.20(m, 6H), 7.11 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (dd, J=9.0, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (dd,J=11.0, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (dd, J=10.9, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 1.56(s, 6H). Purity 95%, MS (m/e) 469 (M+H)⁺.

I-60:(±)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

Iodomethane (2.6 μL, 6 mg, 0.042 mmol) was added all at once to astirring heterogeneous suspension of(±)-5-benzyl-N-(1-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H,4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide(15 mg, 0.032 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (11 mg, 0.033 mmol) in dry DMF (0.2 mL)under nitrogen at room temperature. Reaction mixture was stirred for 1d,diluted with water (1 mL) and filtered. Thus collected solid uponsuction drying was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, loaded on to silica gel column,purified by flash chromatography [Combiflash® Teledyne RediSep®50%EtOAc/hexanes conditioned silica gel column (4 G Gold) and eluted with50-100% EtOAc/hexanes solvent] and obtained(±)-1-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-N-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide(11 mg) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.96 (s, 1H),7.76 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (dt, J=7.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.25 (m, 6H),5.70 (s, 2H), 5.08 (dt, J=10.2, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.75 (m,1H), 2.74-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.00 (m, 1H). Purity 96%, MS (m/e) 485(M+H)⁺.

I-70(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(1,2-dichloro-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.83 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.20 (m,9H), 6.32 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (dt, J=10.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s,2H), 2.94-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.61-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.04(m, 1H). Purity 97%, MS (m/e) 454 (M+H)⁺.

I-71(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(1-chloro-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.02 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.19 (m,9H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.95 (dt, J=10.6, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s,2H), 2.96-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.02(m, 1H). Purity 93%, MS (m/e) 420 (M+H)⁺.

I-73(±)-N-(1,2-Dichloro-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.17 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H),7.48-7.37 (m, 6H), 7.41-7.29 (m, 1H), 5.72 (s, 2H), 5.07 (dt, J=10.6,7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.00-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.49 (m, 1H),2.16-2.05 (m, 1H). Purity 95%, MS (m/e) 523 (M+H)⁺.

I-74(±)-N-(1-Chloro-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.36 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H),7.46-7.33 (m, 6H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.9, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 5.71 (s,2H), 5.03 (dt, J=10.5, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.01-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.63 (m,1H), 2.58-2.50 (app m, 1H), 2.14-2.02 (m, 1H). Purity 90%, MS (m/e) 489(M+H)⁺.

I-80(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(1,2-dichloro-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.56-7.43 (m, 4H), 7.36-7.20 (m, 5H),4.95-4.86 (app m, 1H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 2.87-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.49 (m,2H), 2.37-2.30 (m, 1H). Purity 94%, MS (m/e) 454 (M+H)⁺.

I-81(±)-5-Benzyl-N-(1-chloro-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.58-7.41 (m, 4H), 7.38-7.18 (m, 5H),7.03 (s, 1H), 4.89 (app dd, J=11.2, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 2.81 (dd,J=13.4, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 2.63 (tt, J=13.0, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (td, J=13.0,7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (td, J=11.7, 7.0 Hz, 1H). Purity 93%, MS (m/e) 420(M+H)⁺.

I-751-Benzyl-5-hydroxy-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.71 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.15 (m, 9H),5.46 (dd, J=9.5, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 4.65-4.48 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR(100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 164.6, 158.5, 158.1, 154.9, 150.9, 144.4, 138.2,131.1, 129.6, 129.6, 128.7, 128.5, 127.3, 127.1, 125.0, 124.2, 75.6,51.6, 45.8. MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 419.1230; Found 420 [M+H]⁺.

I-76(R)-1-Benzyl-5-hydroxy-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.31 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.13 (m, 8H),5.91 (dd, J=6.4, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 4.56-4.39 (m, 2H), 1.57 (s,6H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 164.3, 155.2, 155.1, 151.3, 144.7,138.2, 129.6, 128.9, 128.6, 128.5, 127.7, 126.5, 126.3, 123.7, 97.8,80.7, 72.1, 65.8, 51.5, 47.1, 31.5. MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 485.1812;Found 486 [M+H]⁺. I-3(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.31 (dd, J=8.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.15 (m,8H), 5.91 (td, J=7.2, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (dd, J=12.3, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.39(dd, J=12.3, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated388.1396; Found 389.0 [M+H]⁺. I-8(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[6]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.61 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J=8.2, 1.6Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.18 (m, 8H), 6.61 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (ddd, J=8.2,5.7, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.36 (m, 2H), 4.23 (s, 2H). MS (ESI, m/e)Calculated 388.1284; Found 389.0 [M+H]⁺.

I-10(R)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[6]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide

MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 456.0617; Found 457.0 [M+H]⁺, 455.0 [M−H]⁻.

I-11(R)-1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[6]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.35 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.31(dd, J=8.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.26 (m, 5H), 5.87 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.8, 4.0Hz, 1H), 5.71 (s, 2H), 4.58-4.30 (m, 2H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated456.0617; Found 457.0 [M+H]⁺, 455.0 [M−H]⁻.

I-20(R)—N-(4,5-Dihydrobenzo[&]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1-(2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.33 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.31(dd, J=8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (ddd, J=8.1, 7.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (ddd,J=8.2, 7.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.3,6.7 Hz, 7H), 7.08 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 5.87 (ddd, J=8.3, 6.9, 4.1 Hz, 1H),5.48 (s, 2H), 4.49 (dd, J=12.3, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dd, J=12.3, 6.9 Hz,1H), 2.35 (s, 6H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 416.1709; Found 417.1[M+H]⁺, 415.1 [M−H]⁻.

I-21(R)—N-(4,5-Dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.37 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.31(dd, J=8.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.29 (m, 5H), 7.29-7.18 (m, 2H), 5.90(ddd, J=8.4, 6.7, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (s, 2H), 4.50 (dd, J=12.3, 4.0 Hz,1H), 4.38 (dd, J=12.3, 6.7 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 406.1302;Found 407.0 [M+H]⁺, 405.0 [M−H]⁻.

I-415-Benzyl-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[6][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.23 (br s, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=7.9, 1.7 Hz,1H), 7.49 (td, J=7.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (td, J=7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38(dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (dt, J=8.1, 1.8Hz, 3H), 5.46-5.33 (m, 1H), 4.83-4.71 (m, 1H), 4.54 (dd, J=10.5, 8.0 Hz,1H), 4.13 (s, 2H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 404.1233; Found 405.0[M+H]⁺, 403.0 [M−H]⁻.

I-421-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[&][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.25 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 7.73(dd, J=7.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.45(m, 2H), 7.42 (td, J=7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H),5.71 (s, 2H), 5.38 (dt, J=9.7, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (t, J=10.2 Hz, 1H),4.53 (dd, J=10.6, 7.9 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 472.0454; Found473.0 [M+H]⁺, 471.0 [M−H]⁻.

I-435-benzyl-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.52 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (dd, J=7.8, 1.7Hz, 1H), 7.49 (td, J=1.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (td, J=7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H),7.40-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.34 (t, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.25 (m, 3H), 6.59 (d,J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (dt, J=9.5, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (dd, J=10.7, 9.6 Hz,1H), 4.59 (dd, J=10.7, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (s, 2H). MS (ESI, m/e)Calculated 404.1121; Found 405.0 [M+H]⁺, 403.0 [M−H]⁻.

I-495-(2,4-Difluorobenzyl)-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.74 (dd, J=7.8, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd,J=7.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dd,J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.45-5.35 (m, 1H),4.75 (t, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.51 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.16 (m, 2H). MS (ESI,m/e) Calculated 440.1045; Found 441.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-505-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[6][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.18 (br s, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=7.9, 1.7 Hz,1H), 7.50 (dd, J=1.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J=10.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42(dd, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (ddd, J=8.5,5.7, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 2H), 5.41 (dt, J=9.8, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.76(t, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (dd, J=10.6, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (s, 2H). MS(ESI, m/e) Calculated 422.1139; Found 423.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-53N-((4R)-1-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[6][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-4-phenoxypicolinamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.52 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.59 (d, J=5.6 Hz,1H), 7.74 (dd, J=7.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J=1.1,1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (td, J=7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.21(m, 3H), 5.42 (dt, J=9.7, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (dd, J=10.7, 9.7 Hz, 1H),4.55 (dd, J=10.6, 7.8 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 416.1121; Found417.3 [M+H]⁺.

I-69(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37(dd, J=8.6, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 5.90(ddd, J=8.3, 6.3, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (dd, J=12.4, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (dd,J=12.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s, 2H), 1.47 (s, 6H). MS (ESI, m/e)Calculated 470.1815; Found 471.1 [M+H]⁺, 469.1 [M−H]⁻.

I-79(R)-2-benzyl-3-chloro-5-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[&]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl-4,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-6(2H)-one

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.32 (dd, J=8.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.47 (m,1H), 7.44-7.29 (m, 5H), 7.27-7.23 (m, 2H), 6.07 (dd, J=5.4, 4.0 Hz, 1H),5.52 (s, 2H), 4.74 (dd, J=12.7, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (dd, J=12.6, 4.0 Hz,1H), 4.58-4.26 (m, 2H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 433.1054; Found 434.0[M+H]⁺.

tert-Butyl(R)-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)carbamate(Intermediate)

MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 319.1103; Found 342.1 [M+Na]⁺, 264.1 [M−56+H]⁺.

I-22(R)—N-(4,5-Dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.52 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.00(dd, J=8.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (dd, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (ddd, J=8.0,7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (td, 7=7.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.30 (m, 2H),7.27-7.14 (m, 2H), 5.75 (ddd, J=11.0, 8.3, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (s, 2H),3.69 (dd, J=13.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.30-3.16 (m, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e)Calculated 422.1074; Found 423.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-23(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J=8.0, 1.4Hz, 1H), 7.80 (dd, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (td, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H),7.51 (td, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.25-7.21 (m, 2H), 5.66(ddd, J=10.0, 8.0, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s, 2H), 3.93 (dd, J=12.6, 6.7 Hz,1H), 3.27 (dd, J=12.6, 10.0 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 404.1055;Found 405.2 [M+H]⁺, 427.2 [M+Na]⁺.

I-24(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.98 (dd, J=8.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (dd, J=7.7,1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.74-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.56 (td, J=7.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.18(m, 5H), 5.72 (dd, J=10.5, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.77 (dd, J=13.3,7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (dd, J=13.3, 10.5 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated404.1168; Found 405.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-25(R)-5-Benzyl-N-(6,6-dioxido-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.80 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 8.22-8.07 (m, 3H),7.95 (ddd, J=7.8, 6.7, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.24 (m, 5H), 6.54 (s, 1H),5.93 (td, J=8.7, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (dd, J=13.9, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (dd,J=13.9, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (s, 2H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 436.0954;Found 437.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-265-Benzyl-N-((4R)-6-oxido-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.83 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J=7.8, 1.3Hz, 1H), 8.02-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.83 (td, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.23 (m,5H), 6.57 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.81 (dt, J=9.8, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (s, 2H),4.19 (dd, J=13.9, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=13.9, 9.9 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI,m/e) Calculated 420.1005; Found 421.0 [M+H]⁺, 443.0 [M+Na]⁺.

I-285-Benzyl-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.63 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (dd, J=7.7, 1.4Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (td, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H),7.55 (td, J=7.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.25 (m, 5H), 6.54 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H),5.05 (dt, J=10.1, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (s, 2H), 3.74 (dd, J=12.1, 7.7 Hz,1H), 3.44 (dd, J=12.1, 10.1 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 420.0892;Found 421.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-30(R)—N-(4,5-Dihydrobenzo[&]tetrazolo[1,5-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.98 (dd, J=8.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (dd, J=7.7,1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (td, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (td, J=7.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H),7.38-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.04 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.72 (dd, J=10.5, 7.1 Hz,1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.77 (dd, J=13.3, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (dd, J=13.3,10.5, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 422.1074; Found 421.3 [M−H]⁻.

I-315-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[6][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.83 (dd, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J=8.0,1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.51 (td, J=7.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.27(m, 2H), 7.10-7.01 (m, 2H), 5.15 (dd, J=10.3, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H),3.78 (dd, J=12.1, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (dd, J=12.1, 10.3 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI,m/e) Calculated 438.0910; Found 439.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-321-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.36 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.83 (s, 1H), 7.82(dd, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.73-7.67 (m,1H), 7.55 (td, J=7.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.18 (m, 2H),5.48 (s, 2H), 5.04 (dt, J=10.2, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (dd, J=12.0, 7.8 Hz,1H), 3.57 (dd, J=12.0, 10.3 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 438.0910;Found 439.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-335-Benzyl-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.83 (dd, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J=8.0,1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (td, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (td, J=7.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H),7.35-7.22 (m, 5H), 5.15 (dd, J=10.3, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 3.78(dd, J=12.1, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (dd, J=12.1, 10.3 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI, m/e)Calculated 420.1005; Found 421.2 [M+H]⁺.

I-465-Benzyl-N-((4R)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-d]pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazepin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

MS (ESI, m/e) Calculated 405.1073; Found 406.1 [M+H]⁺.

The compounds disclosed herein can be identified and evaluated using thefollowing assays.

Identification of Biological Activity

In this example, compounds of the disclosure were evaluated using abiochemical assay using the ADP-Glo™ technology.

ADP-Glo™ (Promega, Madison, Wis., USA) reagents were thawed at ambienttemperature. Kinase Detection Reagent was prepared by mixing kinasedetection buffer with the lyophilized kinase detection substrate.

A 500 ml stock volume of 5× Reaction Kinase Buffer was made by mixing1000 μl of 1M MgCl₂, 500 μl of 1M Tris-HCL pH7.4, 0.5 mg/ml (25 mg) ofBSA, and 3475 μl of distilled H₂O. A 3 ml 2× working stock volume ofReaction Kinase Buffer was made containing a final concentration of 100μM DTT and 4 mM MnCl₂.

Components of RIPK1 enzyme (Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco,Calif., USA) were thawed on ice. Diluted RIPK1 was prepared in 1× KinaseReaction Buffer (diluted from 2× buffer) to 31 ng/well. A 166 μM workingstock ATP assay solution was prepared in 1× Kinase Reaction Buffer(diluted from 2× buffer).

Compounds were serially diluted in DMSO from 250 uM in 4-fold dilutionsthen diluted 1:5 in 2× Reaction Buffer in a 96 well plate. 1.0 ul ofdiluted compound was added to a 384 well plate in duplicate. 2 μl ofdiluted Active RIPK1 was added to 384 well plate (do not add tocolumn 1) add 2× r×n buffer to column 1. AKT (Anaspec, Fremont, Calif.,USA) at 150 nM was combined with ATP working stock at equal volume and 2ul/well were added to the 384 well plate. The final reaction volume was5.0 μl. The plate was quickly centrifuged and the reaction was incubatedat 30° C. for 30 minutes. Adding 5 μl of ADP-Glo™ terminated thereaction. The plate was quickly centrifuged and the reaction wasincubated at room temperature for 40 minutes. Kinase Detection Reagentwas then added and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. Therelative light unit (RLU) of kinase reaction was determined byluminescent (Luminescence 0.1 s) using a Wallac Victor2 Luminometer(PerkinElmer, Waltham, Mass., USA). IC₅₀ values obtained from thisexample are provided by Table 2. The data in Table 2 establish thatcompounds of the present invention inhibit RIP1K.

TABLE 2 Compound RIPK1 ADP-Glo Kinase (IC₅₀) I-1 0.0676 I-2 6.23 I-30.0582 I-4 0.0545 I-5 7.628 I-6 Not determined I-7 0.0225 I-8 0.5213 I-90.0261 I-10 Not determined I-11 0.0178 I-12 6.712 I-13 0.0081 I-140.0166 I-19 0.3929 I-20 1.871 I-21 0.0567 I-22 0.0321 I-23 0.0429 I-240.0272 I-25 0.5101 I-26 1.373 I-27 0.0684 I-28 0.0679 I-29 0.0098 I-300.0186 I-31 0.0158 I-32 0.0133 I-33 0.0125 I-34 0.1386 I-35 2.077 I-362.803 I-37 1.144 I-38 0.0223 I-39 1.463 I-40 Not determined I-41 0.058I-42 0.0263 I-43 0.1098 I-44 0.9471 I-45 0.0312 I-46 4.408 I-47 0.0873I-48 0.0534 I-49 0.347 I-50 0.1088 I-51 0.0492 I-52 0.0325 I-53 0.0204I-54 0.5823 I-55 0.089 I-56 0.0561 I-57 0.663 I-58 0.0573 I-59 0.1182I-60 1.289 I-61 0.0862 I-62 0.0695 I-63 0.1335 I-64 0.1245 I-65 0.0678I-66 13.49 I-67 11.38 I-68 0.1178 I-69 0.0601 I-70 Not determined I-710.58 I-72 0.2192 I-73 0.0924 I-74 0.054 I-75 10.57 I-76 Not determinedI-77 0.1106 I-78 0.0396 I-79 0.6523 I-80 1.874 I-81 0.5173 I-82 0.04I-83 0.0435 I-84 0.1185 I-85 0.1685 I-86 0.067 I-87 0.0682 I-88 0.1119I-89 0.1077 I-90 0.0531 I-91 Not determined I-92 0.0282 I-93 0.0404

Whole Cell Assays

In this example, U937 and L929 cells were exposed to compounds of thepresent disclosure and a cell necroptosis assay was conducted toevaluate compound activity in functional human RIP1 and murine RIP1assays.

U937 and L929 cells were obtained from the American Type CultureCollection (Manassa, Va., USA). Both cells were maintained inlogarithmic growth phase in complete RPMI 1640 media (Sigma, ST Louis,Mo., USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma, ST Louis,Mo., USA) at 37° C. with 5% CO₂. For necroptosis assay, L929 cells wereplated for 18 h in 100 μL/well medium at 10K cells/well in Costar96-well black clear-bottom plates (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, N.H.,USA); U937 cells were plated on the day of the assay in 50 μL/wellmedium containing 60 uM zVAD-fmk (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) at 50Kcells/well. Medium from L929 cells were removed from the 96-well platesand replaced with 50 μL/well new medium containing 40 uM zVAD-fmk. Eachcompound of the present disclosure evaluated in this example wasserially diluted in DMSO from 2.5 mM in 4-fold dilutions, and thendiluted 1:125 in complete medium. 50 μL/well 2× of the compound was thenadded to the cells in the plates. The cells were pre-incubated with thecompound for 1 hour at 37° C. with 5% CO₂ and before addition of 10μL/well 11×TNFa (Peprotech, Rocky Hill, N.J., USA) to give a finalconcentration of 2 ng/mL for TNFa. The relative amount of necroptosiscells was determined by luminescent using a Wallac Victor2 Luminometer(PerkinElmer, Waltham, Mass., USA) and a CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent CellViability Reagent Assay (Promega, Madison, Wis., USA) added permanufacturer instructions after 18 hours of TNFa stimulation at 37° C.with 5% CO₂. Results from this example are summarized in Table 3. Thisexample establishes that embodiments of the compounds described hereinhave unexpectedly potent activity against human RIP1 and murine RIP1,which allows their assessment in in vivo mouse models of disease. Theseresults are useful in determining safe and effective doses for humans.

TABLE 3 U937 Zvad TNF CTG Recovery, L929-CTG-recovery, U937, TNFa + zVADL929, TNFa + zVAD Compound (IC₅₀) (IC₅₀) I-1 0.3756 9999 I-2 40.27 9999I-3 4.08 9999 I-4 0.2029 9999 I-5 86.64 9999 I-6 884.7 9999 I-7 0.013712.7 I-8 4.445 9999 I-9 0.2216 9999 I-10 5015 9999 I-11 0.0343 9999 I-1217 9999 I-13 0.003 3.375 I-14 0.0066 2.337 I-19 0.9604 9999 I-20 1.565I-21 0.0625 159.8 I-22 0.002 2.485 I-23 0.1009 9999 I-24 0.0144 2.143I-25 28.6 9999 I-26 0.1762 9999 I-27 0.034 5.55 I-28 0.0165 10.73 I-290.0011 0.1945 I-30 0.0679 9999 I-31 0.014 5009 I-32 0.0016 0.6741 I-330.0056 5.163 I-34 1.544 9999 I-35 2.681 9999 I-36 0.7144 16.11 I-374.067 9999 I-38 0.0439 9.786 I-39 1.377 50.88 I-40 9999 9999 I-41 0.04819999 I-42 0.041 9999 I-43 0.2046 9999 I-44 1.665 9999 I-45 0.0364 10.46I-46 39.4 9999 I-47 0.0257 9.496 I-48 0.0408 9999 I-49 0.7167 9999 I-500.2459 9999 I-51 0.1254 17.08 I-52 0.0647 20.75 I-53 0.0462 30.7 I-541.245 9999 I-55 0.0206 9.496 I-56 0.0345 5.092 I-57 3.649 9999 I-580.0743 9999 I-59 0.8294 9999 I-60 35.76 9999 I-61 0.0181 0.1062 I-620.0301 10.13 I-63 0.2895 9999 I-64 0.0077 4.059 I-65 0.0211 3.261 I-669999 9999 I-67 9999 9999 I-68 0.0252 8.672 I-69 0.7868 9999 I-70 73.419999 I-71 3.483 9999 I-72 0.7081 9999 I-73 0.9028 9999 I-74 0.0898 8.624I-75 9999 9999 I-76 9999 9999 I-77 0.0096 4.085 I-78 0.0022 0.0061 I-7916.06 9999 I-80 83.41 9999 I-81 4.245 9999 I-82 0.0084 5.292 I-83 0.00432.123 I-84 0.0386 8.786 I-85 0.0309 1.353 I-86 0.0119 3.447 I-87 0.01569999 I-88 0.1625 9999 I-89 0.0352 7.93 I-90 0.1698 9999 I-91 9999 9999I-92 0.0676 6 I-93 0.0371 5.168

In Vivo Activity

In this example, an acute hypothermia mouse model assay was used toevaluate the ability of compounds disclosed herein to inhibit TNF-alphainduced hypothermia.

Female C57BL/6 mice are randomly grouped and weighed on Day-1. On theday of the study (Day 0), mice are administered vehicle or test articleby oral gavage. Fifteen minutes after oral administration of testagents, each mouse is administered an intraperitoneal (IP) injection ofsolution containing recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α, 25.0 μg) and zVAD-FMK (200 μg). Body temperature is measured athour zero (before IP injections) and every hour via rectal probetemperature measuring device. Three (3) hours after IP injections ofTNF-α and zVAD/FMK, mice are euthanized by CO₂ asphyxiation and blood iscollected via cardiac puncture. Serum and plasma are harvested fordetermination of cytokine and compound levels, respectively. Separategroups of mice (satellite mice) are included for the determination ofcompound levels in plasma at the time of administration ofTNFa/zVAD-FMK. Activity in this example demonstrates that embodiments ofthe presently disclosed compounds inhibit TNF-alpha signaling in vivoand as such can be used to treat diseases in which TNF-alpha isimplicated.

In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of thedisclosed invention may be applied, it should be recognized that theillustrated embodiments are only preferred examples of the invention andshould not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. Rather, thescope of the invention is defined by the following claims. We thereforeclaim as our invention all that comes within the scope and spirit ofthese claims.

We claim:
 1. A compound according to the formula

wherein X is selected from CH₂, O, S, S(O), S(O)₂ and NR^(a); R^(a) isfor each occurrence selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl and C₁₋₆ acyl;Y¹, Y² and Y³ are independently selected from the group consisting of N,N(R^(a)), O, C(R^(b))₁₋₂ and C═O; R^(b) is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl and halo; Z is C(R^(c)) or NR^(c); R^(c) is a C₁₋₄ unsaturatedcarbon chain optionally substituted with one or more R¹ groups,optionally interrupted by 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S;R^(z) is N, CH or C(R¹) and together with ZR^(c) and the carbon to whichthey are bound form a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl or 6-membered arylring substituted with m R¹ groups; R¹ is a linker-R⁶ group, wherein thelinker is a bond, (C1-C4) alkanyl, (C2-C4) alkenyl or (C2-C4) alkynyl,optionally substituted by one or more R^(b) and R⁶ is R^(e), —C(R^(f))₃,or —C(R^(f))═C(R^(f))₂; R² is R^(a); ring B is 5-10-membered heteroaryl;R³ is, for each occurrence, independently selected from R^(b) andOR^(a); L is O, NR^(a) or alkylene; W is 5-10 membered aryl orheteroaryl optionally substituted by p R⁴; R⁴ is for each occurrenceselected from R^(b) and OR^(a); R^(d) is for each occurrenceindependently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, aralkyl, C₅₋₁₀ aryl orheteroaryl, or two R^(d) together with a nitrogen to which they are bothattached form a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic group optionally substituted by one ormore R^(e); R^(e) is independently for each occurrence halo, —OR^(d),—SR^(d), —S(O)₂R^(d), —NR^(d)R^(d), —Si(R^(a))₃, —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR^(a),or —C(O)NR^(d)R^(d); R^(f) is independently for each occurrence R^(a),R^(b), or R^(e), or two R^(f) groups together with the carbon atom boundthereto provide a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl group or a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic groupeach optionally substituted with one or more R^(e); m is 1, 2, 3, or 4;n is 0, 1 or 2; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or
 5. 2. The compound of claim1, having the formula


3. The compound of claim 1, having the formula


4. The compound of claim 1, having the formula


5. The compound of claim 1, having the formula

wherein Z¹ is selected from C and N; and Z², Z³ and Z⁴ independently areselected from O, S, S(O)₂, CH, N, N(R^(a)) and CR¹.
 6. The compound ofclaim 1, having the formula

wherein Z¹ is C or N and Z³ is O, S, N or N(R^(a)).
 7. A compoundaccording to the formula

wherein X is selected from CH₂, O, S, S(O), S(O)₂ and NR^(a); R^(a) isfor each occurrence selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl and C₁₋₆ acyl;Y¹, Y² and Y³ are independently selected from the group consisting of N,N(R^(a)), O, C(R^(b))₁₋₂ and C═O; R^(b) is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl and halo; Z is C(R^(c)) or NR^(c); R^(c) is a C₁₋₄ unsaturatedcarbon chain optionally substituted with one or more R¹ groups,optionally interrupted by 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S;R^(z) is N, CH or C(R¹) and together with ZR^(c) and the carbon to whichthey are bound form a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or 6-membered aryl ringis substituted with m R¹ groups; R¹ is halo or a linker-R⁶ group,wherein the linker is a bond, (C1-C4) alkanyl, (C2-C4) alkenyl or(C2-C4) alkynyl, optionally substituted by one or more R^(b) and R⁶ isR^(e), —C(R^(f))₃, or —C(R^(f))═C(R^(f))₂; R² is R^(a); ring B is5-10-membered heteroaryl; R³ is, for each occurrence, independentlyselected from R^(b) and OR^(a); L is O, NR^(a) or alkylene; W is 5-10membered aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted by p R⁴; R⁴ is foreach occurrence selected from R^(b) and OR^(a); R^(d) is for eachoccurrence independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, aralkyl,C₅₋₁₀ aryl or heteroaryl, or two R^(d) together with a nitrogen to whichthey are both attached form a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic group optionallysubstituted by one or more R^(e); R^(e) is independently for eachoccurrence halo, —OR^(d), —SR^(d), —S(O)₂R^(d), —NR^(d)R^(d),—Si(R^(a))₃, —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR^(a), or —C(O)NR^(d)R^(d); R^(f) isindependently for each occurrence R^(a), R^(b), or R^(e), or two R^(f)groups together with the carbon atom bound thereto provide a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl group or a C₃₋₁₀heterocyclic group each optionallysubstituted with one or more R^(e); m is 1, 2, 3, or 4; n is 0, 1 or 2;and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or
 5. 8. The compound according to claim 1,wherein X is O.
 9. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Y¹ is N.10. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Y¹, Y² and Y³ are each N.11. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Y² is O.
 12. The compoundaccording to claim 1, wherein Y³ is C═O.
 13. The compound according toclaim 1, wherein Y¹, Y² and Y³ are each C(R^(b))₁₋₂.
 14. The compound ofclaim 13, wherein at least one R^(b) of Y¹, Y² and Y³ is halo.
 15. Thecompound according to claim 1, wherein at least one R¹ is a linker-R⁶group.
 16. The compound according to claim 1, wherein W is


17. The compound according to claim 1, wherein W is pyridyl.
 18. Thecompound according to claim 1, wherein the B ring has the formula


19. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is presentin a salt form.